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| roles specifically assigned to men or women in a culture |
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| referring to a city setting; usually has a high population density and diverse cultures |
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| containing a mix of peoples and culture |
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| divisions of a cultures people based on wealth, power and prestige |
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| – refers to how easy or hard it is to change one’s social class within a culture. |
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| region where people share common cultural characteristics |
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| area defined by one function that may cross political boundaries. Often they are organized around a focal point such as a city |
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| based on people’s attitudes and emotions about a place. Ex: the “Deep South” |
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| Region that lies at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. |
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| canal that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea and shortens the traveling distance between Europe and Asia |
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| applies to all of the Americas south of the United States. It has 4 main areas, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies ( Caribbean) and South America |
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| -An important human-made feature in this region that goes through the Isthmus of Panama joining the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and serves as a major route for International trade. |
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| Saharan Africa-the areas of Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Many different ethnic groups with animistic, Christian, and Islamic religions; many affected by the slave trade and colonization |
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| the Pacific islands of New Zealand ( colonized by the British) and other smaller nations like Tahiti that are spread across the South Pacific |
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| the movement of greater numbers of people into cities |
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| Human factors affect where people settle, like having a capital city at a central location; location along transportation routes; new technology can override physical barriers, and natural resources can attract settlers to an otherwise unfavorable area |
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| how many people live in a given area |
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| a visual that compares the number of males and females in a society and it includes the average ages of its members. Each group will be represented by a different bar |
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| -a slum settlement where poor people live in dwellings made from scrap materials—such as plywood, corrugated metal and plastic sheets. |
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the major reasons for migration that either “push” people out of their old location while “pull” factors lure migrants to a new location. Ex: push- poverty, political conflict, environmental factors, oppression. Ex: pull- freedom, economic opportunity (jobs) cultural ties
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| -concern how people organize into groups, such as religious groups. |
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| -when they need to migrate due to being persecuted for being members of a particular ethnic group. Ex: Rwandans needed to flee to neighboring countries to avoid being massacred |
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| when religious minorities have to leave a place due to their beliefs |
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| migration due to the environment, like a drought, crop failures, floods, fires, earthquakes that force people to migrate. |
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| when a migration is forced such as the Atlantic Slave Trade. This migration has accompanied war and the persecution of people throughout most of history |
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natural features that were once a migration to human migration. Examples are mountains, deserts or dense forests.
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| a natural feature where people used to be able to walk from one land mass to another, like across the Bering Strait now that used to be a land bridge from Asia to North America ( Alaska area) |
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| how something diffuses or spreads |
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| -(Cultural Diffusion) when ideas, products, and even cultural traits can spread from one culture to another. |
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| when new plants, animals, ideas and even diseases were exchanged between the peoples of the Americas and those of Europe. |
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| when different cultures exchange ideas and become more similar. |
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when different cultural influences cause an area to divide into separate parts.
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| an epidemic over a wide geographic area. |
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these societies prefer to do things much as their ancestors have done
88. Cultural Diffusion-the spread of ideas, good, technologies, and cultural traits from one society to another.
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| -when a dominant group tries to completely eliminate a religious or ethnic group -The mass murder of a people |
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| the use of threats of terror against innocent civilians to gain attention and achieve a group’s aims |
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| the use of materials, tools, and skills to meet human needs |
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| the development of new technologies |
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a spatial information system that merge information from satellites and land base sources.
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| the removal of salt from ocean water |
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| kingdom in which the ruler’s powers are limited by a constitution |
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| a form of government in which people vote on policy initiatives directly |
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| – government where the people rule through elected representatives |
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government in which an individual or groups holds complete power
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| ability of a person or group to determine the policy of a government to serve their individual or group interest |
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| a geographic area that is run by a specific government and has its own laws; there are various levels of political regions, such as: a country, a state, districts within a state, and cities within a state |
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| a unit of territory defined by boundaries set by political authority and usually having a separate political organization |
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| lines that separate one country, state, province, etc., from another |
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| the supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which an independent state is governed and from which all specific political powers are derived; the intentional independence of a state, combined with the right and power of regulating its internal affairs without foreign interference |
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a branch of political science concerned with relations between nations and primarily with foreign policies
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| an equilibrium of power sufficient to discourage or prevent one nation or party from imposing its will on or interfering with the interests of another |
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an international organization of countries set up in 1945, in succession to the League of Nations, to promote international peace, security, and cooperation
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| an economic and political association of European countries as a unit with internal free trade and common external tariffs |
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| a process of intelligence, design, and choice activities that result in the selection of a particular course of action |
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| the course of action (or inaction) taken by the state with regard to a particular issue |
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