Term
|
Definition
| a person, who by virtue of academic degree, clinical training, and license to practice &/or professional credential, is uniquely qualified to provide a comprehensive array of professional services related to the assessment and habilitation/rehabilitation of persons with auditory and vestibular impairments, and to the prevention of these impairments |
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Term
| What sciences is audiology based on? |
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Definition
| social, physical, and psychological sciences |
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Term
| Who is the father of audiology? |
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Definition
| Raymond Cahart, trained in speech correction and psych. |
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Term
| Who was a famous audiologist that went to U of I |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the roles of an audiologist? |
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Definition
| diagnosis of hearing loss, assess vestibular and balance system, special testing (ex: intraoperative monitoring), research, prevention of diseases/ear problems, and aid with rehabilitation with patients. |
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Term
| What can't audiologists do? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| need your certificate of clinical competence (CCC-A). First to house both audiologists and speech pathology. |
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Term
| Describe American Academy of Audiology (AAA) |
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Definition
| Need your fellowship (FAAA). AAA formed after ASHA. AuD started in 2007. |
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Term
| What areas can you find audiologists in? |
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Definition
| medical, educational, pediatric, dispensing/rehabilitative, and industrial |
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Term
| Where do most audiologists work? |
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Definition
| hospitals, then physicians offices, then private practices, etc. |
|
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Term
| When do most hearing disorders occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many people have some sort of hearing loss? |
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Definition
| 30-35 million have some sort of hearing loss. |
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Term
| How does hearing loss effect children? |
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Definition
| most are middle ear infections. Effects on speech and language development. |
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Term
| How much is spend a year on children with hearing loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a behavioral assessment of hearing? |
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Definition
| detecting a sound, discriminating a sound, sensitivity. how you react |
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Term
| What is a physiological assessment of hearing? |
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Definition
| what is happening in the ear/responding |
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Term
| For modes of assessment, what is detection? |
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Definition
| detection of discrete sound or detection of a speech sound, present, or absent. |
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Term
| For modes of assessment, what is discrimination? |
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Definition
| more than one sound presented, are they the same or different? |
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Term
| For modes of assessment, what is recognition? |
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Definition
| speech recognition test, testing ability to repeat words or some sounds that were given through a speaker. |
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Term
| For modes of assessment, what is comprehension? |
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Definition
| ability to understand spoken info. |
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Term
| If you have normal AC and normal BC... |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have an impaired AC and normal BC... |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have an impaired AC because of your impaired BC... |
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Definition
| sensorineural hearing loss |
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Term
| If you have impaired AC and impaired BC |
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Definition
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Term
| When AC is presented, where does sound go through? |
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Definition
| OE, ME, IE, and higher up |
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Term
| When BC is presented, where does the sound go through? |
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Definition
| transmission that stimulates IE directly thru mechanical vibration of the skull |
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Term
| What is a conductive hearing loss? |
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Definition
| bad AC, good BC. Attenuation= decrease in strength of sound. Some sort of blockage in OE or ME. Outer ear abnormalities produce the same relationship between air and bone conduction |
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Term
| What is sensorineural hearing loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is mixed hearing loss? |
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Definition
| bad in both, but greater in air. |
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Term
| What is central hearing disorder? |
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Definition
| dificit in central auditory nervous system function. ex: lesion in brain pathway, stroke affect ability to perceive a sound but ear is perfectly fine. |
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Term
| a larger tuning fork means |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Schwabach test? |
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Definition
| testing BC, results of patient compared with results of practitioner. Tuning fork set into vibration, place on mastoid until patient no longer hears the tone. Taken in seconds. |
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Term
| What is a disadvantage of the Schwabach test? |
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Definition
| It has a lot of assumptions: examiner has good hearing, patient hears sound from start, etc.. |
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Term
| What are the results of the schwabach test? |
|
Definition
normal- both stop hearing sound around same time.
diminished- patient stops hearing sound before examiner. suggests sensorineural hearing loss.
Prolonged- patient hears tone longer than practitioner. suggests conductive.
False Normal- difference in inner ears, hear through better ear, causing confusion. |
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Term
| why would the patient hear low frequency longer? |
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Definition
| it has better sensitivity. |
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Term
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Definition
| perception can fade over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| compare hearing sensitivity with AC to their BC. tuning fork placed on mastoid and in front of open ear. What sound is louder/which location is louder?. THIS IS BECAUSE AC IS MORE EFFECTIVE MEANS OF SOUND TRANSMISSION |
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Term
| What are the results of the rinne test? |
|
Definition
positive- could be normal hearing or sensorineural. this means the fork in front of ear was louder.
Negative- tone is louder by BC pathway. something wrong with conductive hearing loss.
False Negative- ex: testing BC in right ear, inner left ear more sensitive and responds. |
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Term
|
Definition
| based on the occlusion effect (for normal and sensorineural hearing loss- if close off opening to ear canal, and present tone through BC, loudness will increase. Examiner opens and closes patient's ear canal for test. tuning fork held on mastoid. |
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Term
| what kind of frequency and pitch do you find with the bing test? |
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Definition
| low pitch and low frequency. |
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Term
| What are the results of the bing test? |
|
Definition
positive- sound alters in loudness, pulse perception for normal or sensorineural hearing loss.
Negative- no change in sound. conductive hearing loss |
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Term
|
Definition
| test of lateralization- where is sound heard? tuning fork set into vibration, set on midline of skull. |
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Term
| What are the results of the weber test? |
|
Definition
normal hearing/same degree of hearing loss in both ears will report midline sensation.
Sensorineural- hear tone in better ear
conductive- hear tone in poorer ear (low frequency effect). |
|
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Term
| what is the stenger principle? |
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Definition
| only tone that sounds louder will be heard. |
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Term
| what are the pitfuls of tuning fork tests? |
|
Definition
only test one frequency at a time.
schwabach assumes a lot.
relient on patient report (may be incorrect)
none are quantitative, want to assign numbers to categorize hearing loss. |
|
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Term
| what does a medium require for sound to travel through? |
|
Definition
| elasticity aka springiness |
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Term
| what is the relationship between elasticity and molecules |
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Definition
| as elasticity increases, space between molecules decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid and random movement of air particles. affected by heat in the environment. |
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Term
| What are physical properties of sounds? |
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Definition
| frequency, amplitude, power, intensity, phase, spectrum |
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Term
| What are psychological properties of sounds? |
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Definition
| pitch, loudness, location in space, timbre (quality). |
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Term
| What are psychological properties of sounds? |
|
Definition
| pitch, loudness, location in space, timbre (quality). |
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Term
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Definition
| when a body oscillates sinusoidally, showing only one frequency of vibration with no tones superimposed. |
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Term
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Definition
| rate in Hz, the rate sinusoid repeats itself |
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Term
| What is relationship between frequency and time? |
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Definition
| they are inverse of one another F=1/T, T=1/F |
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|
Term
| What is the range of human hearing? |
|
Definition
| 20-20000Hz, 300-3000 is critical. |
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Term
| What are the physical effects on frequency? |
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Definition
| shorter length, lower mass, and higher stiffness= higher frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| distance measure. w=c/f (c=speed of sound). as Frequency increases, wavelength decreases. |
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Term
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Definition
| signals composed of more than one pure tone. |
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Term
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Definition
| sounds with energy at many frequencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| power per unit area in watts/cm2. |
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Term
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Definition
| force per unit area in Pascals (Pa). Intensity is proportional to the pressure squared). I=p2 |
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Term
| What is the smallest pressure required to produce a just audible sound in a healthy, young ear? |
|
Definition
| 20 micropascals. or .0002 dyne/cm2 |
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Term
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Definition
| convenient unit of measurement for quantifying small changes in force. |
|
|
Term
| when do damaging sounds occur? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the dynamic range? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens if you double sound pressure? |
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Definition
| sound pressure level increases by 6 |
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Term
| What happens if you increase sound pressure by a factor of 10? |
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Definition
| sound pressure level increases by 20 dB |
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|
Term
| What happens if you double intensity? |
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Definition
| intensity level increases by 3 dB |
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Term
| What happens if you increase intensity by a factor of 10? |
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Definition
| Intensity level increases by 10 dB |
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|
Term
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Definition
| 1/10 of a bel. ratio of a measured value to a reference value. |
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Term
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Definition
| 0 dB SPL means that measure value equals reference value (20 micropascals). Doesn't mean no sound. Doesn't represent lowest level of hearing. Reference level for most sound meters. |
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Term
| What is a sound level meters? |
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Definition
| picks up sound through microphone/amplifier built in. an electronic instrument designed to measure the pressure levels of sound in different acoustic environments. used for calibration. |
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Term
| What does an audiometer measure in? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is absolute sensitivity? |
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Definition
| the ability to detect a faint sound |
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Term
| What is differential sensitivity? |
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Definition
| the ability to detect differences or changes in intensity, frequency, or other dimensions of sounds. |
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Term
| What is the definition of threshold? |
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Definition
| the level of a pure tone or complex signal at which it can be detected 50% of the time by a listener. |
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Term
| What does a low threshold mean? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is absolute threshold? |
|
Definition
| the lowest level at which a sound can be detected |
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Term
| What are factors that influence measures of sensitivity? |
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Definition
| sound environment, how the sound is delivered, psychophysical technique (if patient doesn't understand directions, affect measurement taken), ears tested separately or together |
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Term
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Definition
standard reference used for measuring hearing threshold levels.
0 dB HL reflects a different SPL depending on the frequency |
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Term
| What is dB sensation level? |
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Definition
| SL used to specify the intensity of stimuli presented to a given patient relative to a patient's threshold. Ex: threshold=5, 50dB presented, it is 45dB above threshold. 45dB SL |
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Term
| What can you do with an audiometer? |
|
Definition
| have control to volume, turn signal on and off, deliver sounds through device (earphones, in the ear, loudspeakers, BC osscilator). |
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Term
|
Definition
how sound is delivered.
Supra-Aural earphones, cover entire outer ear (electrical energy to acoustical energy)
Insert earphones
*goal: get reliable and sensitive responses from patients. try to get stable baseline if tested more than once.
loudspeaker- more for testing infants, assess/evolving the benefits from hearing aids, avoid getting feedback |
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Term
| What is the purpose of calibration? |
|
Definition
| to test if sound being produced what it is supposed to be? |
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Term
| What was the earlier method of calibration? |
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Definition
| psychoacoustic- sample with "normal hearing' to set average threshold |
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Term
| What method of calibration is used now? |
|
Definition
| electroacoustic method- using transducer, artificial ear or mastoid, weights, and microphones, and SLM |
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Term
| What is a hearing screening vs. a threshold testing? |
|
Definition
screening designed to assess hearing sensitivity of large numbers rapidly. Find who is 'at-risk' for hearing impairment. Whose undetected impairment could have a negative effect on communication ability.
Threshold testing find individual threshold. |
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Term
| What are the requirements of an acceptable screening tool |
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Definition
| easy to administer and readily interpretable, reliable, valid, sensitive, specific, and safe and cost effective. |
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Term
| What is dB intensity level |
|
Definition
| measure of energy- amount of energy flowing thru a 1 cm2 surface |
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Term
|
Definition
measure of force/pressure. reference 20 micropascals. amount of pressure exerted on a 1 cm2 surface area.
IL=SPL2 |
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Term
| Who is the target populations for hearing screening? |
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Definition
newborns-target any kind of hearing loss within 6 months before discharge from hospital; avg age of identification 2.5-3yrs
Children entering school
Adults in occupations that have potentially dangerous levels of noise. |
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Term
| What is the behavioral screening procedure for a hearing screening? |
|
Definition
select a few frequencies: 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz (rescreen if fail first screen if fail again, audiological assessment).
Select fixed cutoff level: usually 20-35 dB
ASHA guidelines suggest that failure at any frequency in either ear means FAILURE |
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Term
| When do you do a follow up screening? |
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Definition
| rescreen if results due to lack of attentiveness, task unfamiliar, timid/shy. If fail 2nd screen, refer for comprehensive assessment. |
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Term
| What things are included in a basic audiologic exam? |
|
Definition
| case history, otoscopy, audiologic exam: AC and BC thresholds, speech testing, tympanometry and acoustic reflex (find ME infection, more objective tests). |
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Term
| What do you look for in an otoscopy? |
|
Definition
| excessive ear wax, collapsing canal (break down of canal), TM should be pearly white, semitransparent, slightly retracted, not bulging. Fluid behind TM cause to bulge out (not good). |
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Term
| What is pure tone audiometry? |
|
Definition
| behavioral test measure used to determine hearing sensitivity. Objective: determine Type, Degree, and congfiguration (determine actual sensitivity, used for children and adults, nonavasive tests). (Peripheral auditory system and central auditory system. testing whole system). (Does not predict communicative competence-same audiogram for 2 people have very different functional hearing-diff abilities in terms of performance even though same hearing loss). |
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Term
| What is the Bekesy Audiometry? |
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Definition
| not considered reliable enough for diagnostics |
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Term
| Whats the max BC can deliver? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the preliminary conditions? |
|
Definition
| calibration, listening check, test environment, patient seating |
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Term
| Which ear do you test first? How do you know? |
|
Definition
| Better ear, based on case history. |
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Term
| What are the test preparation? |
|
Definition
examiner and patient role- set tone for criteria patient should be using, determine and measure accurately, patient-cooperate and provide responses.
proper instructions |
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Term
| What is a false negative? |
|
Definition
| doesn't respond when hear tone. lack of attention, too strict criterion, malinger. tell them okay to guess. |
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Term
| What is a false positive? |
|
Definition
| behavioral response occurs when no response presented, children like to click button. |
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Term
| what are the steps in a basic procedure? |
|
Definition
| familiarization and threshold measurement. |
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Term
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Definition
| familiarize your patient with the task, provide tone to produce clear response from patient, understand task |
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Term
| What is the test procedure for audiogram? |
|
Definition
1. start at 1000 Hz, 30 dB HL
2. if no response, raise to 50 dB HL and continue to raise in 10 dB steps till response is obtained
3. When response is elicited, then level lowered in 10 dB steps till no response is elicited
4. Now increase level in 5 dB steps till response occurs
5. then lower in 10 dB steps (DOWN 10 UP 5) |
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|
Term
| What does it take to be the threshold for an audiogram test? |
|
Definition
| the lowest level at which responses occur in at least half of a series of ascending trials with a minimum of 3 responses required at a single level. |
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|
Term
| In what order do you test frequencies in for audiogram test? |
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Definition
| 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, 8000, retest 1000, 500, 250 |
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Term
| When do you test mid-octaves? |
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Definition
| if greater than 20 dB difference between threshold values at any 2 adjacent octave frequencies from 500 to 2000. If 20 dB difference in same ear then test inter octave |
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|
Term
| What would a flat audiogram mean? |
|
Definition
| flat because if had hearing impairment would have slope from elevating threshold |
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Term
| What is the pure tone average? PTA |
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Definition
| average threshold levels at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz (using AC). Sometimes 2-frequency PTA used used: Average of 2 best threshold at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz (most sensitive). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Variable pure tone average- poorest of 3 thresholds obtained at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz |
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|
Term
| What is the scale of impairment? |
|
Definition
based on pure tone average
-10-15 none No hearing aid
16-25 slight maybe
26-40 mild probably
41-55 moderate yes
56-70 moderately severe yes
71-90 severe yes
greater than 91 profound yes |
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Term
| What are the types of BC? |
|
Definition
distortional-skull set into vibration-distortion of cochlea directly stimulating ear, then inner ear, fluids displaced and generate tone.
Inertial- middle ear bones/fluid set into vibration set ossicles into motion, so have mass or inertia stimulate cochlea
osseo-tympanic- vibrations of the BC vibrator sets air in the ear canal into vibration |
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Term
| Why is the forehead placement for BC recommended? |
|
Definition
| both inner ears will be equally stimulated by the osscilator placed on one side of the head. Sound arrives in both ears around same time. test both ears but not always required. slightly better thresholds using mastoid forehead-convenience for masking, makes it more comfortable. have to apply higher force levels to get same as mastoid. |
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Term
|
Definition
| response by NTE, possible to obtain false positive. Always will affect BC, sometime AC |
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|
Term
| What is interaural attenuation? |
|
Definition
| loss of energy in transmission of a sound from one ear to another ear. not uniform across frequencies. |
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|
Term
| When can cross hearing occur? |
|
Definition
For AC: AC(te)-IA > BC (nte)
BC: suspected when ABG(te) > 10 dB |
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|
Term
| What is contrlateral masking? |
|
Definition
| masking and tone presented to different ears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| masker and tone presented in same frequency region. Could be another tone, just some where around same frequency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| masker and tone in different frequency region |
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|
Term
| What is tone on tone masking? |
|
Definition
| masker and probe tones are both tones, tones can influence other tones |
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|
Term
| What is noise tone masking? |
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Definition
| masker is a noise and the test sound is a tone |
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of clinical masking? |
|
Definition
| to isolate ears from each other using contrlateral masking. Contralateral, same frequency region, noise tone. |
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|
Term
| What is the critical band? |
|
Definition
| ratio of obtained masking to the intensity of the noise. "best masking for least SPL" Provide maximum masking with minimum sound pressure. |
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|
Term
| What are the rules for masking? |
|
Definition
1. when the difference between the AC thresholdof the TE and AC thresholdof the NTE>40dB
2. When the difference between the AC threshold of the TE and the BC threshold of the NTE>40dB
3. When the ABG is greater than 10 dB in 1 ear (the TE) mask the opposite ear (NTE) in order to verify the BC threshold in the TE |
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|
Term
| What is effective masking level? |
|
Definition
| EML- amount of threshold shift in the masked ear produced by the addition of a given amount of noise |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship with ABG and plateau? |
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Definition
| the larger the ABG, the narrower the plateau |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| level of noises is insufficient, threshold of the tone hasn't been reached |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| effective masking level. The wider the plataeu easier for us to get threshold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive level of masking thats crossing over |
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|
Term
| If Ac threshold of masked ear has a higher narrow plateau... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If BC threshold of test ear has a lower narrow plateau... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If interaural attenuation has a smaller narrow plateau... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the potential outcomes with masking? |
|
Definition
| no affect on TE threshold, shift TE threshold and plateau is found (can stay the same or get worse= can't get better), or shift TE threshold and not possible to find plateau. |
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|
Term
| What is the hood technique? |
|
Definition
Establish start level for masking (AC and BC testing)
re-measure threshold in presence of increasing noise levels. Masker increase in 10dB increments, signal in 5 dB steps. |
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|
Term
| What is the true/masked threshold? |
|
Definition
| level where masking can be increased 3 consecutive times in NTE without producing a shift in threshold of TE |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a threshold shift in the TE resulting from intro of a masking signal into NTE that is not due to crossover |
|
|
Term
| what is the occlusion effect? |
|
Definition
| based on supra-aural ear phones. enhancement of BC produced by closing off ear canal. (bing test used to determine the presence and absence of the OE). |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of Speech Audiometry? |
|
Definition
| help us understand how well patient uses their hearing. |
|
|
Term
| Uses of speech audiometry- threshold- |
|
Definition
| what intensity level does speech need to be at just be audible? |
|
|
Term
| uses of speech audiometry- pure tone cross check- |
|
Definition
| should agree with in 5-8 dB between pure tone average and their speech threshold |
|
|
Term
| Uses of speech audiometry- understanding at suprathreshold level- |
|
Definition
| speech discrimination or word recognition test. how well they understand/recognition. |
|
|
Term
| uses of speech audiometry-differential diagnosis- |
|
Definition
| performance intensity test to figure out if neural problem rather than sensory or conductive hearing problem. est. how well can communicate. more total picture of communication profile. |
|
|
Term
| uses of speech audiometry- estimating communicative function- |
|
Definition
| is a hearing aid or cochlea implant needed? |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between brain and speech? |
|
Definition
| regardless of senses used, understanding occurs in the brain. Has to occur in CNS, rehab is for understanding and retaining brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| volume units. used to visually monitor intensity of input source. don't peak beyond 0 point typically 1000 Hz tone. causes it to peak right at 0, don't want over or under shoot. |
|
|
Term
| what are the three responses a patient can have during speech audiometry? |
|
Definition
| verbal repetition, written responses, picture pointing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Speech detection threshold and speech awareness threshold. lowest level a patient can detect the presence of running speech, don't have to understand it. indicate speech was present. useful for patients too young or speak another language or impaired language. intensity raised and lowered. patient indicates lowest level can recognize it as speech. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| speech recognition threshold. speech can barely be understood. 2 words must be phonetically dis-similar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| both syllables peak at 0 VU. Ex: airplane, hot dog, cowboy. |
|
|
Term
| How are spondee words delivered? |
|
Definition
1. monitored live voice- own voice
2. recorded lists- advantage: standardized, consistent. Dis: no flexibility for clinicians. -preferred by ASHA
3. Carrier phrase- used for monosyllabic words "say the word...". then they respond. Designed to help focus attention on task and prepare for the test word. |
|
|
Term
| recorded spondee lists are... |
|
Definition
| CID W-1 and CID W-2. central institute for the deaf |
|
|
Term
| What is the SRT spondee threshold? |
|
Definition
| lowest HTL at which 50% of the list of spondees is correctly identified. Once 50% is reached it doesn't take much more intensity to get 100% |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between SRT and SDT? |
|
Definition
| SRT always requires greater intensity than SDT |
|
|
Term
| What is the Chaiklin-Ventry way to measure SRT |
|
Definition
| bracketing procedure, problem requires to know pure tone avg before hand. Goal=measure SRT independent of each ear. |
|
|
Term
| What is the UIUC audiology clinic procedures? |
|
Definition
| start 30-40 dB HL above set. PTA. Present spondees to familiarize patient. Decrease intensity in 10 dB and present 1 spondee if correct response, decrease intensity in 10 dB steps (presenting 1 spondee at each level. Spondee=not pure tone-until an incorrect response obtained. At this level, present 2 more spondee if patient. |
|
|
Term
| What are "speech frequencies" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phonetically balanced. lists are PB. not words |
|
|
Term
| What is the rule for masking for SRT? |
|
Definition
| masking required if SRT of TE is 40 dB WORSE than BEST b/c threshold of NTE at 500, 1000, 2000, or 4000 Hz. Lots of energy at lower frequencies. Speech noise during masking if needed. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of determining word recognition scores?? |
|
Definition
1. estimate of understanding problem
2. evaluate effectiveness of communication skills
3. help determine site-of-lesion
4. plan and evaluate aural rehabilitation programs |
|
|
Term
| What are test materials used for SRT? |
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Definition
| nonsense syllables (pa, ta, ga, etc.), monosyllabic words, sentences, open set vs. closed set |
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Term
| What is redundancy in hearing? |
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Definition
| because of redundancy, more immune signal effects hearing loss |
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Term
| What is intrinsic for SRT? |
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Definition
| extracted from nervous system |
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Term
| What is extrinsic for SRT? |
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Definition
| abundance of information in the speech signal. result of phonetic, phonemic, semantic contacts, thats embedded in our speech sounds. |
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Term
| audiology developed from the professions of ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| otology and speech language pathology |
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Term
| A founder of audiology, often called the "father of audiology" is ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 professional documents that govern the practice of audiology are |
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Definition
| scope of practice code of ethics |
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Term
| The entry-level degree for the profession of audiology is |
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Definition
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Term
| The credential required for the practice of audiology in US is |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 organizations most closely associated with audiology are |
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Definition
| ASHA and American Academy of Audiology |
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Term
| 4 areas impacted by hearing loss in adults |
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Definition
1. hearing sensitivity
2. general health
3. psychosocial well being
4. generated income |
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Term
| Works of audiologists in areas of noise is sometimes called |
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Definition
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Term
| Every tuning fork is designed to vibrate at a single |
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Definition
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Term
| The bing test determines the presence of the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sound travels through air in the form of |
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Definition
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Term
| Waves are described as a series of |
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Definition
| compressions and rarefractions |
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Term
| 2 major effects on frequency are |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| number of beats per second is determined by the difference between 2 |
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Definition
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Term
| lowest frequency of vibration in a complex sounds is |
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Definition
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Term
| Formant frequencies of the human voice are determined by the |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 sine waves may be contrasted by their differences in |
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Definition
| frequency, amplitude and starting phase |
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Term
| The dB reference on audiometers is |
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Definition
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Term
| Any discussion of dB must include their |
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Definition
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Term
| The psychological correlate of frequency is |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to localize sound requires that the individual have |
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Definition
| similar hearing sensitivity in both ears |
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Term
| Threshold shift of one sound that is caused by the intro of a 2nd sound is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Audiometer earphones are used to test hearing by |
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Definition
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Term
| An oscilator is placed on the forehead or mastoid to test hearing by |
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Definition
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Term
| The dB reference used in sound level meter is |
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Definition
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Term
| The lowest intensity at which a signal can be heard is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| The most popular method of achieving noise levels low enough for audiometric testing is |
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Definition
| prefabricaated sound suites- made of steel panels and can be installed with wiring included for 2-room operation. |
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Term
| The precise method by which patients signal that they have heard a pure tone is less important than one that produces reliable results. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient who signals that a tone was heard when in fact it was not is giving a |
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Definition
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Term
| Ear canal collapse during audiometry can be avoided with the use of |
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Definition
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Term
| Traditionally, pure tone thresholds are obtained by increasing the intensity of the signal in ___ steps and decreasing it in ___ steps |
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Definition
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Term
| When properly constructed, the audiogram should show the distance of 1 octave (across) to be the same as ___ down |
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Definition
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Term
| The conductive component of a hearing loss can be determined by the |
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Definition
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Term
| Severe sensorineural hearing losses may be misdiagnosed as mixed losses when the BC responses are |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the 2 methods for presenting speech audiometry materials ____ and ____; the recommended procedure is ____ |
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Definition
| prerecorded materials and monitored live voice; precorded |
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Term
| False ___ responses are unlikely during speech audiometry |
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Definition
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Term
| Popular stimuli used for measuring SRT are |
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Definition
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Term
| The reliability of the SRT can usually be determined by comparing it to the thresholds at frequencies |
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Definition
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Term
| Cross hearing is less likely to occur when insert earphones are used because the ____ is increased |
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Definition
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Term
| During audiometry, cross hearing occurs by |
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Definition
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Term
| A significant reason for using insert receivers during speech audiometry is that they |
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Definition
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Term
| Calibration of effective masking for speech is typically carried out |
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Definition
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Term
| Because test of SRS are suprathreshold they require masking ___ often than speech threshold tests |
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Definition
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Term
| Test materials for MCL, UCL, and RCL all include |
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Definition
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Term
| Words on PB word list have ___ syllable |
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Definition
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Term
| While speech threshold tests are scored in ___ SRS tests are scored in ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| When testing SRS it is frequently necessary to perform more than one test using different presentation levels to ensure a measure of maximum performance . T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| As the audibility index decreases |
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Definition
| perceived handicap increases |
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Term
| can pick up more on sentences... |
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Definition
| so less sensitive to hearing loss |
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Term
| Phonetically balanced (PB) word lists are often used... |
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Definition
familiar monosyllabic words
list contains all phonetic elements in English with respect to frequency of their occurance |
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Term
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Definition
| choose from unlimited set |
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Term
| What are the open set lists for SRT? |
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Definition
PB 50- from harvard psychoacoustic lab
CID W 22- from central institute of deaf (most commonly used)
NU 6- from northwestern university
PBK 50's kindergarten list for children (5-7) |
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Term
| What are the performance levels? |
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Definition
90-100% normal limits
75-90% slight difficulty
60-75% moderate difficulty
50-60% poor
<50% very poor |
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Term
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Definition
| when scores decrease, occurs in some ears when lesions in higher auditory centers |
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Term
| what is retrocochlear disorder? |
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Definition
| disorder beyond the cochlea. when .45 or greater suggests retrocochlear rather than cochlear (sensory) |
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Term
| what is a closed set list for SRT? |
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Definition
| choose from selective set |
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Term
| What are the closed sets for SRT? |
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Definition
California Consonant Test- designed for patients with high frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Patient views lists and marks word heard (contains high frequency phonemes). 4 possibilities, marks it on the sheet.
Picture Identification Test (PIT) designed for nonverbal adults. CNC words presented by pictures are arranged into sets of 4 rhyming words
Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification (WIPI) designed for children-poor articulation skills. Point to picture of work spoken by tester. 6 choices, 4 test items, 2 never going to be used as test item. Patient point to picture, young children.
Northwestern University Children's Perception of Speech (NUCHIPS) similar to wipi, 65 items, 50 words scored on test. |
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Term
| What are the sentence list for SRT? |
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Definition
Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) nonsense sentences -10 sentences. Task: ID sentences from list (closed set).
Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) stress the system-test with competition or noises. most elderly with HL do not use context as well (last word in sentences is test item, high and low probability sentences *high= some likely in guessing word due to context. low=small chance of guessing, hard to predict. elderly do not take advantage of context as well as younger people.
Speech in Noise Test (SIN) 4-talker babble used as noise. "real world" noise background. 4 people speaking, 1 key word per sentence, 5 sentences used to test effeciency of hearing aid. repeat back last word.
Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) sentences phonemically balanced. Task-deliver a sentence and they repeat back entire sentence to you, delivered through speakers. |
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Term
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Definition
| more test items=less variability. want to test with 50. |
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Term
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Definition
| estimate of proportion of speech cubes that are audible. Number of dots above a patients threshold is the AI revealing that % of conversational speech audibility index energy audible to the patient at 3 to 6 ft. |
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Term
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Definition
| SDT-UCL=resonable estimate |
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Term
| What is the standard reference used for measuring hearing threshold levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| why do we form calibration? |
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Definition
| make sure sound isn't distorted |
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Term
| What was the earlier way for calibration? |
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Definition
| psychoacoustic- same with 'normal hearing' to get avg |
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Term
| What is the method used now for calibration? |
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Definition
| using transducer, artificial ear, or mastoid, weights, microphones, SLM |
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Term
| What is the target population for screening? |
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Definition
| newborns (catch within 6 mos.) avg age of identification is 2.5-3 yrs |
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