Term
| Muscles of quiet inspiration (3) |
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Definition
Diaphragm
External Intercostals
Intercartilaginous portion of the internal intercostals |
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Term
| Muscles of forced inspiration (5) |
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Definition
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes (anterior, posterior, middle)
Pectoralis major and minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior |
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Term
| Quiet expiration (3 dynamics) |
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Definition
Passive recoil forces
Chest compressors (affects lung volume)
Abdominal compressors (affects diaphragm) |
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Term
|
Definition
Interosseous portion of internal intercostals
Transversus thoracis
Serratus posterior inferior
Quadratus lumborum
Latissimus dorsi (can be expiratory or inspiratory) |
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Term
| Abdominal compressors (4) |
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Definition
Rectus abdominus
Transverse abdominus
External obliques
Internal obliques |
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Term
|
Definition
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Thyroarytenoids
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique arytenoids |
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Term
|
Definition
Medial (vocalis)
Lateral (muscularis) |
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Term
|
Definition
Posterior cricoarytenoid (antagonist to LCA)
Subglottal/alveolar pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
Cricothyroid (rocks forward)
raises pitch |
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Term
|
Definition
Thyrovocalis shortens with *unopposed* contraction
(natural antagonist to CT)
Thyromuscularis primary shortening muscle |
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Term
| Isotonic contraction (phonation) |
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Definition
| Shortens distance, lowers pitch |
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Term
| Thyromuscularis (contraction) |
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Definition
Shortens vf when unopposed
Relaxes vocalis, lowers pitch |
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Term
| Thyrovocalis (isometric contraction) |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles of compression (phonation, 3) |
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Definition
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transverse aytenoids
Oblique arytenoids
(compression increases glottal resistance, closed phase, makes louder) |
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Term
| Pharyngeal constrictors (6) |
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Definition
Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus (horizontal fibers) |
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Term
|
Definition
Levator veli palatini
Uvulus |
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Term
|
Definition
Palatopharyngeus (vertical fibers)
Palatoglossus |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Temporalis
Masseter
Internal/medial pterygoid |
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Term
| Mandibular depressors (3) |
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Definition
Digastricus (ABD + PBD)
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid |
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Term
| External/Lateral pterygoid |
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Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic lingual muscles (4) |
|
Definition
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longidutinal
Transverse
Vertical |
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Term
| Extrinsic lingual muscles (4) |
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Definition
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus |
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Term
| Superior longitudinal muscle |
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Definition
| Raises/deviates tongue tip |
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Term
| Inferior longitudinal muscle |
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Definition
| Lowers/deviates tongue tip |
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Term
| Transverse lingual muscle |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Chin to tongue
Retracts, protrudes, depresses tongue |
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Term
|
Definition
Hyoid to tongue
Pulls sides of tongue down |
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Term
|
Definition
Styloid process to tongue
Pulls tongue back and up |
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Term
| Palatoglossus (2 actions) |
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Definition
Palate to tongue
Elevates tongue OR depresses velum (or both) |
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Term
| Facial muscles (2+2+5+2+3) |
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Definition
Circular
Transverse
Angular
Parallel
Vertical
Certain Tongues Are Particularly Vulgar |
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Term
| Circular Facial Muscles (2) |
|
Definition
Orbicularis Oris Superior
Oribicularis Oris Inferior
(Lip constrictors) |
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Term
| Transverse Facial Muscles (2) |
|
Definition
Buccinator
Risorius
(Lip retractors) |
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Term
| Angular Facial Muscles (5) |
|
Definition
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Levator labii superiorus
Depressor labii inferioris
Levator labii superiorus alaeque nasi |
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Term
|
Definition
O: Zygomatic bone
I: Corner of Orbicularis Oris
A: Moves angle of mouth up and back |
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Term
|
Definition
O: Zygomatic bone
I: Midlateral upper lip
A: Elevates upper lip |
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Term
|
Definition
O: Maxilla
I: Midlateral upper lip
A: Elevates upper lip |
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Term
| Depressor labii inferiorus |
|
Definition
O:Mandible
I: Lower lip
A: Pulls lips down + out |
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Term
| Levator labii superiorus alaeque nasi |
|
Definition
O: Maxilla
I: Midlateral upper lip
A: "Elvis lip", nostril flare |
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Term
| Parallel Facial Muscles (2) |
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Definition
Incisivus labii superiorus
Incisivus labii inferiorus
Lip pursers |
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Term
| Vertical Facial Muscles (3) |
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Definition
Mentalis
Levator Anguli Oris (Caninus)
Depressor Anguli Oris (Triangularis) |
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Term
|
Definition
O: Mandible
I: Chin below lip
Chin buncher
Lip protruder |
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Term
|
Definition
Zygomatius Minor
Levator Labii Superiorus
Levator labii superiorus alaeque nasi
(last 2 also used for eversion) |
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Term
|
Definition
Retractors: Risorius, Buccinator
Elevate-retractors: Zygomaticus major/minor, Levator labii superiorus, levator anguli oris |
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Term
|
Definition
Depressor anguli oris
Platysma
Mentalis |
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Term
|
Definition
Pharyngeal plexus (IX), X, XI
(Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory) |
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Term
| Facial Muscle innervation |
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Definition
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Term
| Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve |
|
Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic tongue muscle innervation |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Styloid process to pharynx
Innervated by CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
Important for swallowing |
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Term
|
Definition
Most resonated harmonic frequencies that distinguish vowels
Defined by configuration of vocal tract/articulators |
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Term
|
Definition
| Final sound output is defined by glottal tone combined with resonation/attenuation in vocal tract |
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Term
|
Definition
Extends from base of skull to velum
Contains nasal cavities, torus tuberius, tonsils/adenoids |
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Term
|
Definition
Velum to hyoid
Contains tongue, epiglottis, vallecula |
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Term
|
Definition
Hyoid downward
Contains pharynx |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cartilaginous protrusion around eustachian tube opening |
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Term
|
Definition
Perp. plate of ethmoid
Vomer |
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Term
|
Definition
Superior, middle, inferior
force air through in swirling pattern, help air to be moistened/warmed
Extend from nostrils/nares anteriorly to choanae posteriorly |
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Term
| Alveolar process of maxilla |
|
Definition
| Pocket that teth fit into |
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Term
|
Definition
| Unpaired small bone in anterior section of palate |
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Term
| Palatine process of maxilla |
|
Definition
| Near middle, where oral mucosa attach |
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Term
|
Definition
Premaxillary - separates premaxilla
Intermaxillary suture - separates midsagitally
Transverse palatine suture - separates front/back sections |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Condylar (posterior)
Coronoid (anterior)
Alveolar process (holds teeth) |
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Term
|
Definition
Class 1-normal
Class 2- overbite
Class 3- underbite |
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Term
|
Definition
| the space between the root of the tongue and the epiglottis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Temporomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Stylomandibular ligament |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Occlusion (mouth closed)
Mandible lowering (hinge action)
Forward gliding
Side gliding |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Anterior - palatoglossus
Posterior - glossopharyngeus |
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Term
| passive forces of the upper airway apparatus |
|
Definition
recoil
surface tension
gravity
aerodynamic |
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|
Term
| active forces of the upper airway apparatus |
|
Definition
pharyngeal muscles
mandibular muscles
tongue
face/lip muscles
velum |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Temporomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Stylomandibular ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occlusion (mouth closed)
Mandible lowering (hinge action)
Forward gliding
Side gliding |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anterior - palatoglossus
Posterior - glossopharyngeus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
temporalis
masseter
mylohyoid
digastric
geniohyoid
internal pterygoid
external pterygoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CN V (Trigeminal) Mandibular sling, ABD, mylohyoid
CN VII (Facial), PBD
CN XII (Hypoglossal), Geniohyoid |
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|
Term
| control variables for VP mudulation |
|
Definition
airway resistance to the flow of the air
muscular pressure at velopharyngeal sphincter
acoustic impedance in opposition to the flow of sound engergy |
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Term
| Control Variables (VP function) |
|
Definition
Airway resistance
Muscular compression
Acoustic impedance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VP modulations are constant
Occur at slower rate than speech, so coarticulation/nasailty occur
(Nasalization of oral consonants not accepted) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inversely proportional to tongue height |
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Term
|
Definition
| Proportional to tongue advancement |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Incisivus labii inferioris/superioris
Orbicularis Oris superioris/inferioris
Levator anguli oris |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Incisivus labii inferioris/superioris
Orbicularis Oris superioris/inferioris
Levator anguli oris |
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