Term
| Name three pieces of information that are always included in a good input list. |
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Definition
| Splitter Channel, Name of the input, Microphone or DI |
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Term
| What is the purpose of setting good console and system gain structure? |
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Definition
| To avoid clipping at any given point in the system, Never have distortion, Minimize system noise |
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Term
| _____________ are used to control one or more input channel faders from one master fader. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe two ways that signal polarity can be reversed besides the polarity button on a mixing console. |
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Definition
1. Positive and Negative crossed from Amp to Speakers
2. XLR Pins 2 and 3 are reversed |
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Term
| How much additional amplifier power is required to double the loudness of a loudspeaker system? |
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Definition
| 10x the power = 2x loudness |
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Term
| What are the three steps to expressing a power change in dB? |
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Definition
1. Compare
2. Compress
3. Scale |
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Term
| What is the +4dBu standard, and what equipment uses this standard? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the -10dBV standard, and what equipment uses this standard? |
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Definition
| Consumer Line Level = 0.316v |
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Term
| When adjusting a level control on a sound system, a change in _________________ is being made. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe what the term “ring out” refers to. |
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Definition
| The process of removing feedback frequencies from the monitoring system and making the system stable enough, with enough gain, to operate the show. |
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Term
| How much power will an amplifier outputting 126 volts into an 8Ω load deliver? |
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Definition
| P=E²/R P=126²/8 P=1984.5 Watts |
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Term
| Describe the inverse square law. |
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Definition
For every doubling of distance away from the sound source, the acoustical reduces by 6dB.
20xLog(distance1/distance2). Distance can be in either feet or meters. |
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Term
| The decibel can be used to express _______________ or _________________ levels within an audio system. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| There is a fixed relationship between dBu and dBV. For any dBV value, add __________ to find the corresponding dBu value. |
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Definition
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Term
| Define the term “acoustic gain” |
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Definition
| The amount of gain a system provides to an un-amplified sound source. |
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Term
| Define the term “potential acoustic gain” |
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Definition
AKA "Gain before feedback" or "PAG"
The amount of gain a system can achieve before feedback. |
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Term
| Define the term “loop unity gain” |
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Definition
| When the source and the loudspeaker reinforcing the source are equal in level at the mic capsule. |
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Term
| Name three things that factor into the potential for feedback. |
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Definition
1. Response of speaker
2. Mic Response
3. Acoustic Environment |
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Term
| How does changing the distance between the source and the mic affect acoustic gain? |
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Definition
Doubling the distance = lose 6dB
Half the distance = gain 6dB |
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Term
| How does changing the number of open microphones on stage affect acoustic gain? |
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Definition
Doubling the mics = lose 3dB
More mics = less acoustic gain |
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Term
| Define the term “loudspeaker Q” |
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Definition
| A measure of directional properties of a loudspeaker. |
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Term
| What are two options at a sound engineer’s disposal when dealing with difficult acoustic environments? |
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Definition
| C-ducer, Helpinstill Piano Sensor |
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Term
| Name 3 ways that you can improve gain before feedback. |
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Definition
1. Use as few mics as possible
2. Mic as close to the source as possible
3. Take advantage of mic and speaker directionality |
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Term
| What attributes of a loudspeaker affect acoustic gain? |
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Definition
| Frequency response, Polar Pattern, Sensitivity |
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Term
| What attributes of a microphone affect acoustic gain? |
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Definition
| Frequency response, Polar Pattern, Sensitivity |
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Term
| When ringing out a monitor wedge, the first two cuts should be done on the _____________ _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the primary difference between an “all in one” digital console and a “component based” digital console. |
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Definition
| The primary difference is the ability for expansion. All in One has limited expansion ability while the Component based has more expansion options. All in One has everything built into the surface while the component based has separate racks. All in One is a more affordable console then the component based. |
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Term
| What type of cabling does an Avid Venue system use to connect the stage rack to the FOH rack? |
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Definition
| 75Ω COAX w/ BNC connectors |
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Term
What type of cabling does an Avid Venue system use to connect the FOH rack to the
worksurface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cabling does a Venue system use to connect the FOH rack to a Pro Tools HD system? |
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Definition
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Term
| A stock Avid Venue stage rack is configured with ________ analog inputs and _______ analog outputs. |
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Definition
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Term
| A stock Avid Venue FOH Rack is loaded with ________ DSP cards, and can be upgraded to _________ total DSP cards. |
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Definition
| Comes with 3. Can upgrade to 5. |
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Term
| A stock Avid Venue Mix Rack is loaded with ________ DSP cards, and can be upgraded to ________ total DSP cards. |
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Definition
| Comes with 2. Can upgrade to 3. |
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Term
(T/F) Changing the number of graphic EQ’s configured on Venue affects the system’s
available DSP resources. |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Changing the number of FX returns configured on Venue affects the system’s available DSP resources. |
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Definition
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Term
| Digico consoles use the __________ protocol for digital audio transmission. |
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Definition
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Term
| Multiple Digico consoles can share a single stage rack using a system called ______________ ___________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two companies that make personal monitor mixing systems. |
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Definition
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Term
| A single Avid HDx card can output _______ channels of digital audio into a Pro Tools HD2 system. |
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Definition
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Term
| A Venue system loaded with an FWx firewire card can output _______ channels of digital audio into a Pro Tools LE system. |
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Definition
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Term
| In order to connect a second stage rack to an Avid Venue system, you must add a ______________ card to your __________ rack. |
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Definition
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Term
| What two pieces of equipment can be used to record MADI digital audio into a Pro Tools system? |
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Definition
Avid --> HD MADI
SSL --> XLogic Delta |
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Term
| What is a “virtual soundcheck?” |
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Definition
| The process of using multitrack recordings instead of a live band for soundcheck input material. |
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Term
| The frequency setting on a high pass filter can also be called the ___________________ ___________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| On a proportional Q equalizer, the bandwidth changes as a function of the amount of _______________ or ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three parameters of a parametric EQ? |
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Definition
1. Center frequency
2. Gain
3. Bandwidth (Q) |
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Term
| What are the two parameters on a traditional shelving EQ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the one parameter of a high pass filter? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A 2:1 or 1:2 frequency ratio.
Examples: 200-400Hz, 1kHz-2kHz, 500-250Hz |
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Term
| The octave below 1kHz is… |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 8 Channels of analog input |
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Term
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Definition
| 8 Channels of analog output |
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Term
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Definition
| AES/EBU digital audio input card |
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Term
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Definition
| AES/EBU digital audio output card |
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Term
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Definition
| Aviom Personal monitoring interface card |
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Term
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Definition
| Processing horsepower for additional plugins |
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Term
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Definition
| Ethernet connectivity card |
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Term
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Definition
| Pro Tools firewire interface LE (32 channels) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pro Tools digilink interface card (64 channels) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stage Rack 2 expansion card (allows for up to 96 inputs) |
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Term
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Definition
| 64 channels of digital I/O over coax or optical |
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