During a fight a man is stabbed in the lateral chest beneath the right arm. The wound does not enter the chest cavity. Physical examination reveals that the vertebral (medial) border of the patient's scapula projects posteriorly and is closer to the midline on the injured side. On return visit the patient complains that he cannot reach as far forward (such as to reach for a door knob) as he could before the injury. The nerve injured which caused these symptoms is the:

axillary
long thoracic
musculocutaneous
radial
suprascapular

A man suffers a penetrating wound through the anterior axillary fold, with resulting damage to one of the main terminal branches of the brachial plexus. Among the effects is a significant weakening of flexion of the elbow. One or more other effects to be expected is (are):

Loss of cutaneous sensation on the tips of several fingers

Only loss of cutaneous sensation on the anterolateral surface of the forearm

Only weakening of flexion at the shoulder

Weakening of flexion at the shoulder and loss of cutaneous sensation on the anterolateral surface of the arm

Weakening of flexion at the shoulder and loss of cutaneous sensation on the anterolateral surface of the forearm

A person sustains a left brachial plexus injury in an auto accident. After initial recovery the following is observed: 1) the diaphragm functions normally, 2) there is no winging of the scapula, 3) abduction cannot be initiated, but if the arm is helped through the first 45 degrees of abduction, the patient can fully abduct the arm. From this amount of information and your knowledge of the formation of the brachial plexus where would you expect the injury to be:

 
axillary nerve
posterior cord
roots of plexus
superior trunk
suprascapular nerve

The cords of the brachial plexus are:

above the clavicle, medial to the scalenus anticus (anterior scalene).
above the clavicle, behind the scalenus anticus (anterior scalene).
at or below the clavicle, closely related to the axillary artery.
at or below the clavicle, closely related to the axillary vein.

An open arterial anastomosis in the shoulder occurs between the suprascapular artery and which other artery?

Anterior circumflex humeral

Circumflex scapular

Dorsal scapular

Thoracodorsal

Transverse cervical

The long thoracic nerve innervates which muscle?

Anterior scalene
Middle scalene
Serratus anterior
Teres major
Subscapularis

A man riding a motorcycle hit a wet spot in the road, lost control, and was thrown from his bike. He landed on the right side of his head and the tip of his shoulder, bending his head sharply to the left and stretching the right side of his neck. Subsequent neurological examination revealed that the roots of the 5th and 6th cervical nerves had been torn away from the spinal cord.

Following the above injury, which of the movements of the arm at the shoulder would you expect to be totally lost?

adduction
abduction
flexion
extension
medial rotation

Following the above injury there would most likely be diminished cutaneous sensation over what part of the upper limb?

the back of the shoulder
the pectoral region
the top of the shoulder and the lateral side of the arm
the medial side of the arm and forearm
the tip of the little finger

A patient is found to have a melanoma (cancer arising in pigment cells) originating in the skin of the left forearm. After removal of the tumor from the forearm, all axillary lymph nodes lateral to the medial edge of the pectoralis minor muscle are removed.
Which axillary lymph nodes would not be removed by this procedure?

Apical
Central
Lateral
Pectoral
Subscapular

Postoperative examination revealed that the medial border and inferior angle of the left scapula became unusually prominent (projected posteriorly) when the arm was carried forward in the sagittal plane, especially if the patient pushed with outstretched arm against heavy resistance (e.g., a wall). What muscle must have been denervated during the axillary dissection?

Levator scapulae
Pectoralis major
Rhomboideus major
Serratus anterior
Subscapularis

During a motorcycle accident, an 18-year-old male landed on the right lateral side of his rib cage with his right upper limb abducted. In the hospital he was found to have "winging" of the right scapula. Which nerve was likely damaged in the accident?

Accessory
Lateral pectoral
Long thoracic
Phrenic
Vagus

During an industrial accident, a sheet metal worker lacerates the anterior surface of his wrist at the junction of his wrist and hand. Examination reveals no loss of hand function, but the skin on the thumb side of his palm is numb. Branches of which nerve must have been severed?

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous
Medial antebrachial cutaneous
Median
Radial
Ulnar

The nerve which passes through the quadrangular space of the posterior shoulder innervates which muscle?

Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Teres major

You are in the emergency room when a patient is brought in, the loser in a street fight. He has received a stab wound about 1.5 cm long in the right side of the chest about 1.5 cm below and 1 cm medial to the coracoid process of the scapula. He has lost a lot of bright red blood from a large (approx. 1.2 cm in diameter) severed artery found deep at this location. Intravenous fluids are immediately administered and a surgeon is called in to repair the artery. He begins by making an incision through the skin and subcutaneous tissue just below the clavicle, then cuts the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle and retracts it downward to obtain sufficient exposure of the area. He next encounters a partially severed muscle running downward and medially from the coracoid process. He divides the remaining fibers of the muscle and has you retract it downward. This exposes a bloody fat-filled space full of vessels and nerves.

Which space or cavity was opened when the surgeon reflected the muscles

axillary space
infraspinatous fossa
quadrangular space
subdeltoid bursa
triangular space

The surgeon next encounters a large (about 2 cm in diameter) horizontally running vein, fortunately intact, which is also retracted downward. This exposes the damaged artery. He knows that the cords of the brachial plexus are closely associated with this artery, so he carefully retracts one found superolateral and one found inferomedial to the artery and then proceeds to repair the artery itself and close the wound.

The large artery that was severed was the:

axillary
brachial
radial
subscapular
suprascapular

Later when you see the patient it is clear that he has pronounced neurological deficits. There is lack of cutaneous sensation between his thumb and index finger on the dorsal side, diminished sensation on the dorsal surface of the forearm, arm, and lateral side of the shoulder. He has "wrist drop" (inability to extend the wrist), lack of extension at the elbow, and although abduction can be initiated, it cannot be completed. Flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation of the arm are not significantly affected. There is no "winging of the scapula." Later exploration by a neurosurgeon reveals that a single large nerve bundle posterior to the artery was also severed, accounting for the neurological findings
The large nerve bundle lying posterior to the artery which was also severed was the:

 
C 7 root
middle trunk
posterior cord
posterior division
radial nerve

Neurological testing of a patient reveals no cutaneous sensation on the tip of the index finger. Such a finding would indicate injury to some portion of which nerve?

axillary
median
musculocutaneous
radial
ulnar

You are attending an axillary lymph node dissection in a patient with a melanoma in the upper limb. The surgeon says, "We are going to sample the level II lymph nodes posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle." Having excelled in anatomy, you realize that she is referring to the anatomical nodes known as

apical axillary nodes
central axillary nodes
lateral axillary nodes
lateral pectoral nodes
subscapular axillary nodes

In the axilla the pectoralis minor is a landmark, being closely related to all of the following structures except:

cephalic vein
cords of the brachial plexus
lateral thoracic artery
medial pectoral nerve
second part of the axillary artery

In a patient with Erb-Duchenne palsy, a nerve arising from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus is nonfunctional. This nerve is the:

Suprascapular
Dorsal scapular
Long thoracic
Lateral pectoral
Medial pectoral

The axillary nerve arises directly from which part of the brachial plexus?

inferior trunk
lateral cord
medial cord
middle trunk
posterior cord
superior cord

Which of the following is not a direct branch of the axillary artery?

 
anterior circumflex humeral
posterior circumflex humeral
thoracoacromial
thoracodorsal
subscapular

While putting metal panels on the roof of a barn, one of the panels slips out of the hands of the man on the roof. During an attempt to catch the panel, a worker below is struck by its sharp edge. The panel hits across the anterior surface of his right arm at midlength and the impact severs all of the tissue to the bone. When examined in the emergency room it is noted that the patient can only weakly flex his elbow and the lateral side of his forearm is numb. In addition to the muscles, which nerve is injured?

axillary
median
musculocutaneous
radial
ulnar

While treating the patient (in the preceding question) the doctor observes, "You were fortunate that the panel did not sever the large artery running down the medial side of your arm." The large artery referred to lies in the neurovascular compartment and supplies most everything below the elbow; this artery is the:

axillary
brachial
deep brachial
radial
ulnar

In a case of Erb's palsy, where roots C5 and C6 of the brachial plexus are avulsed (torn out) which muscle is paralyzed?

Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis minor
Supraspinatus
Trapezius
Triceps brachii

In a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus, which artery may be injured?

Subscapular
Posterior humeral circumflex
Radial recurrent
Deep brachial
Circumflex scapular

In a diving accident that severed the spinal cord below the sixth cervical vertebra, which muscle would be affected?

Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Trapezius

Which muscle is the strongest medial rotator of the arm?

Coracobrachialis
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Teres minor

An elderly man complained of pain in his shoulder when he brought his forearm and hand behind his back while dressing. It was determined that the pain was caused by stretching of the lateral rotators of his arm during this motion. Which muscle was most likely involved?

Infraspinatus
Latissimus dorsi
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Teres major

In old age, the supraspinatus tendon is sometimes ruptured where it blends with the capsule of the shoulder joint. Following this kind of injury one might expect

difficulty in adducting the arm
difficulty in flexing the arm
difficulty in abducting the arm
difficulty in extending the arm
difficulty in medially rotating the arm

During a strenuous game of tennis a 55 year old woman complained of severe shoulder pain that forced her to quit the game. During physical examination it was found that she could not initiate abduction of her arm, but if her arm was elevated to 45 degrees from the vertical (at her side) position, she had no trouble fully abducting it. Injury to which muscle was responsible?

deltoid
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
teres major
trapezius

The rotator cuff is composed of all of the following muscles except:

infraspinatus
subscapularis
supraspinatus
teres major
teres minor

The patient was unable to retract his scapula because of paralysis of the trapezius and

infraspinatus
levator scapulae
rhomboids
serratus posterior superior
supraspinatus