Term
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Definition
-located in northern China
-growth in occupational specialist: ritual and diviners
- Animal sacrifices (human sacrifices from Yin)
- Capitals incorporating palaces and temples |
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Term
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Definition
- Viewed as Golden Age by Confucius
- developed writing - lots of records
-hierarchical social structure and decentralized government
- centered on relationship between lords and vassals |
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Term
| Progression after sacking of Zhou Dynasty |
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Definition
- Western Zhou
- Eastern Zhou:Spring & Autumn era and Warring States
- Imperial Age (Qin Victorious) |
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Term
| Oracle Bones and Divination |
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Definition
- Used by Shang kings in divination rituals --> shows concerns of Shang rules and elites
- meant for communication with the unseen forces governing the world and human destiny |
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Term
| Ritual Divination Process |
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Definition
- bones of large animals (oxen) and turtle shells
-drilled holes and applied hot rods while chanting incantations
-priests, kings (ability determined political authority), and specially trained cyphers would interpret the cracks |
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Term
| Structure of Shang worship |
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Definition
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Definition
-lord on high
-authority over sociopolitical and natural realms
-in command of natural deities and spirits (sun, wind, and rain) |
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Term
| Spirits of Royal Ancestors (Shang) |
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Definition
| - common objects of worship, with sacrifices and burial sites and funarary objects - marked status |
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Term
| Notion of Life After Death (Shang) |
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Definition
death alters method of communication, not kinships
- ancestors influence the happenings of life and people can tap into their knowledge/power
-king has exclusive right to communicate with royal ancestors |
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Definition
-expands to include common people (still important in courts), gains ethical and moral dimensions
- filial piety becomes a central role |
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Term
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Definition
-Heaven/sky --> replaces Shangdi
-impartial judge over sociopolitical order, creative power behind myriad things, omnipotent ruler |
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Term
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Definition
-Heaven: concerned with moral character
-moralistic concerns extended to interactions with other spirits and deities
-divinity located within the individual (worldly-orientation) |
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Term
| Cultural Heroes and the Sage Kings |
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Definition
| - mythical figures with important role in antiquity (history) |
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Term
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Definition
-Yellow emperor
-warrior figure with pacifist inclinations -> progenitor of Chinese civilization, attributed with inventions of fire and cooking |
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Term
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Definition
| -enlightened,benevolent ruler concerned with the welfare of his people |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - controlled floods, founded the Xia Dynasty |
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Term
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Definition
| - the five emperors, including Zhuanxu (Huangdi's grandson) |
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Term
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Definition
- The Mandate of Heaven
- Zhou defeated Shang and claimed moral authority - claimed special connection to heaven (legitimized their rule)
- can be revoked and bestowed upon another at any time if the ruler is unjust |
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Term
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Definition
- son of heaven
-kings viewed as earthly counterparts of Heaven |
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