Term
| What's a nerves cell special feature? |
|
Definition
Long extensions allow these cells to quickly transmit
electrical impulses from one part of the body to
another. |
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|
Term
| What's a muscle cell special feature? |
|
Definition
Elongated, thread-like fibers can shorten to allow
body parts to move. |
|
|
Term
| What's a RBC (red blood cell) special feature? |
|
Definition
Concave shape allows these cells to bend and
squeeze through tiny blood vessels. |
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Term
| What are the gland cells special features? |
|
Definition
Intracellular sacs store and release substances,
such as hormones, enzymes, mucus, and sweat |
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Term
| What are the Immune Cells special feature? |
|
Definition
These cells can recognize and destroy foreign
invaders (such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria).
Some engulf or destroy foreign cells directly;
others manufacture antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| A gel-like subtance surraounding the nucleaus and packed with various organelles and molecules, each of which serves a specific function. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the nucleus contain? |
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Definition
| Nuclear envelope, nuclear pores and Nucleolus |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Besides the plasma membrane surrounding the cell what else does it do? |
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Definition
| it regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. so basically it lets in what it needs and lets out what it needs to. |
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|
Term
| The plasma membrane consists of what 3 things? |
|
Definition
| phospholipids, cholesterol and protein |
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Term
|
Definition
| Form the bulk of the cell membrane |
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|
Term
| What does Phospholipids look like? |
|
Definition
| have a head and twin tails. |
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Term
| The heads of the phospholipids are hydrophilic..meaning what? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The tails of the phospholipids are hydrophobic..meaning what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does selective permeability mean? |
|
Definition
| means that some substances, such as lipid-soluble molecules, pass through easily, while others do not. |
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|
Term
| The central and most important part of the cell is called what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the nucleus the cell's control center? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Do mature RBCells contain a nucleus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| double-layered membrane is called what/ |
|
Definition
| nuclear envelope which surrounds the nucleus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Perforating the nuclear envelope |
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|
Term
Extending throughout the nucleoplasm (the
substance filling the nucleus) are thread-like
structures composed of DNA and protein called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a cell begins to divide, the chromatin coils tightly into short, rod-like structures called what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where is the nucleolus at? |
|
Definition
| In the center of the nucleus |
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Term
|
Definition
| the cell's protein-producing structures |
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|
Term
| Another name for "little organs" |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Organelles perform specific tasks in what? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Extending throughout
the cytoplasm, from the
plasma membrane to the
nucleus, is a network of
membranous canals and
curving sacs is called the what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ribosomes dot the surface or some Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and give the ER a what appearance? |
|
Definition
| rough, earning it the name rough ER |
|
|
Term
| The ribosoes synthesize proteins, which move through the network of canals towards what apparatus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This has no ribosomes, and contains enzymes that synthesize certain lipids and carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Every cell contains thousands of granules of protein and RNA called what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER and prepares and packages them ... |
|
Definition
| for export to other parts of the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the Golgi apparatus made up of? |
|
Definition
| Made up of flattened membranous sacs stacked one on top of the other. |
|
|
Term
| Keep in mind that Golgi apparatus processes what? |
|
Definition
Golgi apparatus processes hundreds of different
proteins simultaneously |
|
|
Term
| 2 CENTRIOLES lie perpendicular to each other just outside of the nucleus. These bundles of what do what? |
|
Definition
| These bundles of microtubules play a role in cell division |
|
|
Term
| these are Membranous vesicle that form from pinched-off pieces of the Golgi apparatus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They contain various enzymes that help break down protein the cell doesn't need. Besides cleaning out the cell, this allows the cell to "reuse" amino acids. |
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|
Term
| What else can lysosomal enzymes do? |
|
Definition
| they can also be used to destroy bacteria. These functions have earned lyosomes the nickname "Cellular garbage disposals." |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| sausage-shaped organelles funtion as the cell's "powerhouses." |
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|
Term
| What the two membranes the mitochondria have? |
|
Definition
One: oute rmembrane
Two: inner membrane |
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|
Term
| What does the mitochrondia Inner membrane do? |
|
Definition
| folds back and forth across it's interior |
|
|
Term
| The folds that go back and forth are called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spaces between the cristae contain enzymes that the organelle uses to convert what/ |
|
Definition
| Organic compo9unds into ATP, which cells use for energy. |
|
|
Term
| muscle cells contain more mitochondria than cells doing less work, like the skin cells? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Cytoskeleton is the supporting what for the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Water pressure that
develops in a solution as a result of
osmosis is called what kind of pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is how the body's cell receive the nutrients they need to survive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The kidneys also use this to remove waste products from the blood |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Facilitated Diffusion, helps some molecules do what? |
|
Definition
| Some molecules need other molecules to help, or facilitate, their movement across a membrane |
|
|
Term
| active transport needs what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does not need atp (energy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most important example of active transport in our body. the pump regulates the volume of fluid within cells, provides the electrical potential necessary for nervous system activity, and helps
in heat production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The form of vesicular transport that brings substances into the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The plasma membrane traps a substance that's too large to diffuse through the plasma membrane and brings it into the cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis are the two forms of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phagocytosis occurs when the cell engulfs in a solid partible and brings it into the cell. What's a key example for this? |
|
Definition
| when white blood cells "consume" bacteria |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pinocytosis occurs when TINY vacuoles bring droplets of extracellular fluid containing dissolved substances isnto the cell. The cell then uses the engulfed fluid and nutrients. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in contrast to endocytosis, exocytosis uses vesicles to release substances outside of the cell. |
|
|
Term
| What glands are often used for this method of exocytosis? |
|
Definition
| release of hormones. EX: exocystosis occurs when mammary glands secrete milk as well as when endothelial cells release in insulin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Particles move across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of
high to low concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Water diffuses across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low
concentration of solute (and a high concentration of water) to an area
of high concentration of solute (and a low concentration of water) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Water and solutes move through a semi-permeable membrane as a result
of hydrostatic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Particles move from an area of high to low concentration with the help
of a channel protein that’s part of the plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| Active Mechanisms are Active Transport pump1, phagocytosis2, pinocytosis3, exocytosis4. |
|
Definition
1)Active transport pump-Particles are pumped from an area of low to high concentration by an
energy-consuming structure in the plasma membrane.
2)In this form of endocytosis, large particles are trapped in a portion of
the plasma membrane and brought into the cell.
3)In this form of endocytosis, fluid and dissolved particles are trapped in a
portion of the plasma membrane and brought into the cell.
4)Proteins or other cell products move out of a cell when a secretory vesicle
containing those products fuses with the plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| deoxyribonucleic acid is also known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA is one of the largest and most complex of all molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA molecules stores all of a cell's what? |
|
Definition
| genetic information-the information that it needs to develop, function and maintain itself. |
|
|
Term
| DNA serves as a cell's blueprint for life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
meaning that it’s a large molecule made
up of many smaller molecules joined together in a sequence
that encodes the cell’s genetic information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The "building blocks" of DNA are millions of pairs of "Nucleotides. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each nucleotide consists of what? |
|
Definition
| one sugar, one phosphate group, and one of four possible types of nitrogenous bases. |
|
|
Term
| Nitrogenous bases are: Adenin(A) Thymine(T), Guanine(G), and Cytosine(C) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the structure of DNA resembles a twisted ladder called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the phosphate group alternates with the sugar Deoxyibose to form the two sides (or backbone) of the ladder. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adenine can pair only with what .."mine" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Guanine can pair only with what.."sine" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of DNA's MAIN function is to provide information for building what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are the body's main structural molecule, they also contribute to almost every cellular funciton. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA is too large to leave the nucleus, and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA needs help from another nucleic acid-RNA, ribonucleic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA contains Urcacil(U), instead of (thymine). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA and DNA both share what other 3 bases? |
|
Definition
| Cytosine, guanine, and adenine. |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE CELL CYCLE
STEP ONE First gap phase (G1) |
|
Definition
1) First gap phase (G1)- the cell performs the tasks for which it was created (such as carrying oxygen, secreting digestive enzymes, etc).
2) it accumulates the materials it will need to replicate its DNA |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE CELL CYCLE
STEP 2 Synthesis phase (S) |
|
Definition
| The cell makes, or synthesizes, an extra set of DNA |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE CELL CYCLE
STEP 3 Second Gap Phase (G2) |
|
Definition
| The cell makes final preparations for cell division, including synthesizing necessary enzymes. |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE CELL CYCLE
STEP 4 Mitotic Phase (M) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interphase: The time between mitotic phases (includes g1, s, and g2. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Following mitosis, most cells repeat this cycle and divide again. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some cells leave the cycle and enter a period of REST in which they don't divide. That phase is called G0 (G-zero) phase that can last for days, years or even decades. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell cycle is G1, synthesis of components needed for DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S Synthesis phase, DNA replication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
G2, preparation for mitosis
G0, period of rest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| M, mitotic phase, CELL DIVISION |
|
Definition
|
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