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| "Violent attacks and sexual harassment remind women every day that they are not meant to be in certain spaces" |
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| Henri Lefebvre on space and citizenship. |
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| 3 Spaces theory. City perceived, conceived and lived. Also put forth the "right to the city" and the rights to appropriation and participation. |
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| Geraldine Pratt, Linda McDowell, Gillian Rose, and Liz Bondi |
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| All femanist geographers, argued how urban space has masculine bias in their designs. Eg bathroom square footage, street as a site for male interaction. |
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| Ambient power, that which influences our experiences with something which may cause to adopt a certain stance we may not normally go to. Eg billboards |
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| Argued washrooms are a site of subliminal sexism. Due to sq. footage not being representationally equal (more urinals in male washroom, making more facilities available in the same area. |
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| Coined "moral panic" ie fear of an element being stylized by mass media. Eg gang violence |
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| Coined "throwntogetherness" |
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| English philosopher and social reformer, put forth his brother's (Samuel Bentham) prison design of the Panopticon as a model of ideal surveillance. |
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| Essay on the "stranger". Otherness and social inclusion/exclusion. Also famous for the sociology of space in which boundaries are both spatial and social. |
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| Feels that cities are turning into landscapes of consumption over production. Also published works (landscapes of power) on authenticity in the city and the gentrification process. |
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| First pointed out the conceptual difference between sex and gender. Ie: sex is what is physically established, gender is the performance. |
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| French theorist, argued that consumers often contest the capitalist order by exploiting the system. Eg - bricolage, the improvisation of consumers, exercising agencies in oppositional ways. Eg a coffeeshop as a study space. |
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| Further argued for the learning of gender as a performance. That as we grow up we learn how to act masculine/feminine. |
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| Highlighted informal and informal citizenship. Viewed the process of citizenship as a "site of struggle" |
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| Key Chicago School figure. Defined the city as a relatively large, dense, permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals. |
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| Public spaces are inherently masculine, and revert to such biases especially at night. Eg bus stops. |
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| Rheumatoid arthritic, published works on ableism. ie: practices and social relations that assume a person is in average physical condition. such as stairs at sfu campus. |
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| Sociologist, stated urban dwellers are always in the presence of "others". |
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| Theorized ambient fear, saturated and internalized into the everyday. |
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Urban Theorist, founded Ecology of fear. Wrote City of Quartz and Ecology of Fear. Focused on LA as an example of segregation of regions through fear and of the gated community formation.
Also coined the idea of the "scanscape" the intangible landscape created via surveillance |
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a pro- urban philosopher, repeatedly proclaimed diversity and heterogeneity as cornerstones of city life (Young, 1990).
Young saw cities as potentially liberating in that given their make-up difference can be more easily accepted and allowed to flourish. |
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| defined public sphere as not necessarily a material space, but something formed through discourse. |
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| expanded on Lefebvre's idea of the right to the city: "is not simply a participatory right but, more importantly, an enabling right, to be defined and refined through political struggle. " |
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labelled malls as "cathedrals of consumption"
argued that malls attempted to elicit feelings of transcendance from our everyday, associating a sense of worship to the shopping mall. |
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made the distinction between civitas and urbs.
Civitas captures the social aspects of the city
Urbs captures the spatial |
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| opined that the commodity had the power of happiness over the consumer when tied to consumption. Viewed that malls/arcades had a utopic function, not simply a space for buying/selling. |
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| Hille Koskela on surveillance |
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| pointed out surveillance is now embedded in the everyday. |
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| surveillance webs are pervasive in society now. |
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| Henri Lefebvre on consumption |
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| the commodity is a thing, ie it exists in space and occupies a location. |
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| theorized that commodity selfhood is an aspect of the growing consumer society. |
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| Peter Kraftl and Peter Adey |
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| used notion of affect to conceptualize the way buildings act on the body. Eg how features or characteristics can elicit certain responses from a person - cozy, calming, homey etc |
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voiced the theory of the "rise of the urban panopticon"
Panopticon as a symbol of surveillance, discipline and control
In his view bentham's panopticon was a means to exerting control via "the gaze" - ie the potential of surveillance affecting ones behaviours |
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