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| one individual produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents |
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| two haploid cells from different parents join to form a diploid cell which is genetically unique |
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section of DNA that carries information for a heritable trait |
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| a different molecular form of the same gene |
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| sex cells that produce haploid gametes |
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| haploid cells taht join with other gametes to form new genetically unique diploid cells |
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| total number of chromosomes in cells of a given type |
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Definition
| the number of chromosomes in cells that have matching pairs of chromosomes |
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Definition
| total number of chromosomes in cells that have one of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species |
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Definition
| nuclear division process that halves the number of a parental cell, to the haploid number. Forms gametes in animals and spores in plants |
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| matching pairs of chromosomes that are the same length, shape, and have genes carry info for the same traits |
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| the exchange of genetic information between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
| the formation of haploid cells that develop into sperm |
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Definition
| the formation of haploid cells that develop into an egg and three polar bodies |
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Definition
| non-viable haploid cells produced in oogenesis |
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| benefits of asexual reproduction |
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Definition
| a) it's quicker b) produces offspring genetically identical to parents c) simpler |
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| benefits of sexual reproduction |
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Definition
| although it takes longer, genetic variation is produced |
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| sexual reproduction is focused around |
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Definition
| MEIOSIS (turning diploid cells into haploid gametes) |
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Term
| germ cells have sex cells that have a ______ number of chromosomes |
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Definition
diploid one set from mom one set from dad |
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| in ------- chromosomes go through two consecutive divisions that end up with the formation of four haploid nuclei |
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Definition
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| there is no interphase between these two divisions |
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| meiosis one and meiosis two |
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| meiosis one is divided into 4 phases. what are they? |
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| prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase |
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| meiosis II is divided into four phases. what are they? |
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| prophaseII, anaphaseII, metaphaseII, telophaseII |
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Term
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Definition
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
homologous chromosomes pair up crossing over takes place centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell nuclear membrane breaks down |
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Definition
spindle fibers made of microtubles pull chromosomes to the middle of the cell |
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| spindle fibers pull homologous chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell |
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Definition
cell divides forming two haploid cells all chromosomes are duplicated |
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spindles migrate to opp. poles
spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes |
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| chromosomes are pulled to the equator of the cell |
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| sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opp. poles |
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Definition
| nuclear membranes reappear |
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| after meiosisII (A)__________ division takes place and creats 4 haploid daughter cells called(B) _____ |
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a) cytoplasmic division b) gametes |
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