Term
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Definition
Biological goal: Passing on one's genes
-Done for pleasure and social pressure |
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Term
| Evolutionary perspective: Males |
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Definition
want many offspring
-sexual displays
prevent other males from trying to do the same thing
-body size/canine dimorphism |
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Term
| Evolutionary perspective: Females |
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Definition
Alert males to receptivity
-Estrus=genital swelling
Goal: Ensure survival of offspring
-choose best males
-form close bonds to help raise offspring |
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Term
| Cross Cultural perspective: Men |
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Definition
Polygyny is common
-Male infidelity is more accepted and common than females |
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Term
| Cross Cultural perspective: Women |
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Definition
-Careful selection of fathers
-Rely on female friends to help raise offspring |
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Term
| Why gender roles/stereotypes? |
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Definition
Bio-actual physical differences
Culture-The image of the ideal man/woman |
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Term
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Definition
How male/females perceive and define themselves and each other
-Not always biologically fixed
-universal basis for organizing group activities
-establishes social+self identity |
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Term
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Definition
Rights + duties individuals have b/c of their perceived gender category
-Sexual division of labor
-change over time |
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Term
| 4 factors affecting sexual division of labor |
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Definition
1)Fertility maintenance
2)Reproductive Roles
3)Physical Strength
4)Child care compatibility |
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Term
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Definition
Men and woman have diff access to resources in many societies
-increases as the public domain becomes more valued than the domestic domain |
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Term
| Gender stratification: Foraging |
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Definition
not much
-men do woman work and visa versa |
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Term
| Gender Stratification: Horticulture |
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Definition
Woman have high status (only in matrilineal)
-control decision making and own land |
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Term
| Gender stratification: Agriculture |
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Definition
-men become primary cultivators
-confines woman to the home
-female sexuality is more regulated |
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Term
| Gender Stratification: Industrial |
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Definition
| Gender roles much more variable and complex |
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Term
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Definition
Idea that the characteristics people attribute to males and females are culturally not biologically determined
-symbolic |
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Term
| Cultural Construction of gender |
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Definition
Some cultures distinguish b/w gender and sex
EX: female husbands in africa
Some distinguish b/w more than 2 genders
EX: Hijra's of India, Native American berdeche, and hua of papua new guinea |
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Term
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Definition
| Customs that allow one sex to act like the other |
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Term
| Multiple gender identities |
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Definition
1)Cross gender occupation or work
2)Transvestism
3)Association w/spiritual powers
4)Same-sex relations |
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