Term
|
Definition
| a quicker return to sexual arousal when a new partner is introduced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| class of hormones responsible for a number of male characteristics; testosterone is the major sex hormone |
|
|
Term
| medial preoptic area (MPOA) |
|
Definition
| located in the hypothalamus it one of the more significant brain structures involved in male and female sexual behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contributes to sexual behavior in rats. also involved in aggression and emotions |
|
|
Term
| sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) |
|
Definition
| located in MPOA. Size is directly related to level of sexual activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormone that causes smooth muscle contractions; as a neurotransmitter released by hypothalamic neurons, it contributes to sexual behavior |
|
|
Term
| major histocompatibility complex (MHC) |
|
Definition
| a group of genes that contributes to the functioning of the immune system. a couple with similar MHC genes is less fertile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| airborne chemicals released by an animal that have physiological or behavioral effects on another animal of the same species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cluster of receptors located in the nasal cavity that detect pheremones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| necessary for making judgments about behavior and its consequences. people with damage to it understand moral and social rules but struggle to apply them to real life situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emotional experiences result from the physiological arousal that precedes it and different emotions are the result of different patterns of arousal |
|
|
Term
| schachter and singer's cognitive theory |
|
Definition
| physiological arousal contributes only to the emotion's intensity, while the identity of the emotion is based on the cognitive assessment of the situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a network of structures arranged around the upper brain stem assumed to be the place from which most emotions originate |
|
|
Term
| anterior cingulate cortex |
|
Definition
| a part of the cingulate gyrus important in attention, cognitive processing and possibly consciousness as well as emotion |
|
|
Term
| skin conductance response (SCR) |
|
Definition
| a measure of sweat gland activation and, thus of sympathetic nervous system activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small limbic system structure in each temporal lobe that is involved in emotions, especially negative ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in the environment that makes unusual demands on the organism such as threat, failure or bereavement. it is also an internal condition, your response to a stressful situation |
|
|
Term
| hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis |
|
Definition
| a group of structures that help the body cope with stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the hormone that increases energy levels by converting proteins to glucose increasing fat availability and increasing metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cells and cell products that kill infected and malignant cells and protect the body against foreign substances including bacteria and viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| white blood cells that recognize invaders by the unique proteins that every cell has on its surface and kills them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immune cell that ingests intruders then displays the intruders antigens on its own cell surface to attract T-cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of leukocyte that is specific for particular antigens which kill the invaders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leukocyte that fights intruders by producing antibodies that attack a particular cell type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immune cells that attack and destroy certain kinds of cancer cells and cells infected with viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorders in which the immune system goes amok and attacks the body's own cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stress causes excessive sympathetic activity that sends the heart into fibrillation, contracting so rapidly that it pumps little or no blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who are born unable to sense pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell, often a specialized neuron that is suited by its structure and function to respond to a particular form of energy such as sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy form for which a receptor is specialized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the acquisition of sensory information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the interpretation of sensory information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of cycles or waves of alternating compression and decompression of the vibrating medium per second |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| our experience of the frequency of a sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the term for the physical energy in a sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the term for our experience of sound energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sounds which have only one frequency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sounds that are a mixture of several frequencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer ear. visible flap on the side of the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ear drum. a very thin membrane stretched across the end of the auditory canal; its vibration transmits the sound energy to the ossicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| snail shaped structure where the ears sound analyzing structures are located |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sound analyzing structure that rests on the basilar membrane. consists of hair cells, their supporting cells and the tectorial membrane above the hair cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assumes that the auditory mechanism transmits the actual sound frequencies to the auditory cortex for analysis there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of neurons follow the frequency of a sound at higher frequencies where a single neuron cannot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of neurons follow the frequency of a sound at higher frequencies where a single neuron cannot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| identifying the frequency of a sound depends on the location of maximal vibration on the basilar membrane and which neurons are firing most |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frequency following following by individual neurons accounts for frequencies up to about 200 Hz and all remaining frequencies are represented by the place of greatest activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sound that we recognize as having an identity that is distinct from other sounds (not the object itself) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clues for locating an object that require both ears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons that fire most when they receive input from both ears at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the light-sensitive structure at the rear of the eye that is made up of 2 main types of light-sensitive receptors cells called rods and cones and the neural cells that are connected to them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the photopigment in cones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to distinguish details; better closer to fovea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of the retina from which a ganglion cell receives its input. smaller closer to fovea; larger in periphery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the environment that is being registered on the retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the discrepancy in the location of an object's image on the two retinas; helps us judge distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory that just three color processes account for all the colors we are able to distinguish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory that explains color vision in terms of opposing neural processes |
|
|
