Term
| what are the two basic types of syphilis tests performed in the clinical laboratory? |
|
Definition
| nontreponemal (reagin) tests and treponemal tests |
|
|
Term
| What is the organism that causes syphilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of microscope is used to visualize Treponema pallidum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Rapid Plasma Reagin test used to test for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the reagent that contains cardiolipin, lecithin, cholesterol, EDTA, Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, thimerosal, charcoal, and choline chloride? |
|
Definition
| the RPR card antigen suspension |
|
|
Term
| What test are Brewer Diagnostic Cards used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the radial immunodiffusion, the Fahey method, after how many hours should you read the result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the radial immunodiffusion, the Mancini method, after how many hours should you read the result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ability of a test to come out positive if the substance being tested for is present. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ability of a test to come out negative if the substance being tested for is not present. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What method of testing should be used to diagnose syphilis in the first or second stage? |
|
Definition
| Nontreponemal tests: VDRL or RPR |
|
|
Term
| What method should be used to diagnose syphilis in the late stage? |
|
Definition
| Specific treponemal tests: FTA-ABS, MHA-TP |
|
|
Term
| What part of the RPR card antigen suspension is used to visualize the agglutination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What temperature should the RPR antigen be at when doing the test, for maximum sensitivity? |
|
Definition
| room temperature- 23 to 29 C |
|
|
Term
| How should the RPR card antigen suspension be stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of thimerosal in the RPR card antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an antibody-like substance present in sera from syphilitic persons and occasionally in sera of persons with other acute or chronic conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended speed of rotation when doing an RPR test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum time that you should shake the RPR antigen suspension ampule? |
|
Definition
| 15 to 20 seconds. longer will produce a coarse antigen |
|
|
Term
| What can cause 100% false positives in the RPR test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infectious mononucleosis, heptatis, lupus, pregnancy, old age, malaria and leprosy can all cause false positives in what test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In RPR, a false positive caused by malaria or leprosy would be considered what kind of false positive? |
|
Definition
| biological false positive |
|
|
Term
| name two viral illnesses that can cause acute false positive in RPR test? |
|
Definition
| infectious mono and hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| If a biological false positive is suspected in the RPR test, what should be done next? |
|
Definition
| A specific treponemal antigen test. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of cholesterol in the VDRL antigen reagent? |
|
Definition
| to increase the size of the antigen |
|
|
Term
| Where does the cardiolipin used in VDRL come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In VDRL, what is the purpose of lecithin in the antigen reagent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should the VDRL antigen be stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should the VDRL antigen reagent be prepared? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In RPR, does the patient serum have to be heat inactivated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In VDRL, does the patient serum have to be heat inactivated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In VDRL, what temperature should the serum be at for testing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What speed is used to rotate the slide in VDRL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When doing a VDRL, the result is 'weakly reactive'. what should be done next? |
|
Definition
| dilute and quantify, because of possibility of prozone reaction |
|
|
Term
| In VDRL, the result is read as either reactive or nonreactive. In the event of a weakly reactive result, that is repeated and is still weakly reactive, how should you report the result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the test of choice for analyzing spinal fluid for diagnosis of syphilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of test is used for confirming syphilis diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does FTA-ABS stand for? |
|
Definition
| fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption |
|
|
Term
| What is the major advantage of MHA-TP over FTA-ABS? |
|
Definition
| It's less technically demanding |
|
|
Term
| In the FTA-ABS test, the result is 1+ fluorescence. What should the patient result be reported as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of lupus patients give false positive for FTA-ABS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which syphilis test is based on agglutination by specific antibodies in serum with lyophilized, formalinized, tanned sheep RBC's sensitized with Treponema pallidum antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In MHA-TP, does serum have to be heat inactivated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the MHA-TP, a smooth mat of agglutinated cells in the wells of the tray indicates what result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of syphilis test is better for screening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two antigens are used in the Mono-Sure and Mono-Diff tests? |
|
Definition
| Kidney extract and Beef RBC's |
|
|
Term
| What specimen is used for mono rapid slide tests? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When using plasma for Mono rapid slide tests, what anticoagulant should not be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is heat inactivation of serum necessary for mono rapid slide tests? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two rapid slide tests used to test for infectious mono? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two anticoagulants can be used to anticoagulate plasma for mono rapid slide tests? |
|
Definition
| EDTA or acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) |
|
|
Term
| How should the reagents for Mono rapid slide tests be stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the results you should get when you run a positive control on a mono rapid slide test? |
|
Definition
| Agglutination in horse kidney; no agglutination in beef RBC |
|
|
Term
| How often should controls be run in the mono rapid slide tests? |
|
Definition
| with each batch of specimens |
|
|
Term
| If you are running a mono rapid slide test with one positive control, one negative control, and one patient sample, how many cards will you use in all? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After running a mono rapid slide test, the result is stronger agglutination in the horse kidney circle than the beef rbc circle. What result should be reported? |
|
Definition
| positive for infectious mono |
|
|
Term
| After running the mono rapid slide test, there is stronger agglutination in the beef rbc circle than the horse kidney circle. what result should be reported? |
|
Definition
| positive for forrsman antibody, negative for infectious mono |
|
|
Term
| after doing the rapid slide test for infectious mono, strong agglutination is observed in both circles. What should be done next? |
|
Definition
| Dilute the sample 1:20 and repeat the test |
|
|
Term
| what is a direct solid-phase immunoassay for qualitative detection of infectious mono heterophile antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what test device is composed of a membrane strip coated with bovine rbc extracts and a pad impregnated with antibody-dye conjugate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What specimen is used for mono-plus test? |
|
Definition
| serum, plasma or whole blood |
|
|
Term
| what two anticoagulants can be used for the specimen used for mono-plus test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the mono-plus test, what result is indicated by one pink-purple band in the test window and one pink-purple band in the control window. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the mono-plus test, what result is indicated by one pink-purple band in the control window, and no band in the test window? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the mono-plus test, what result is indicated by one pink-purple band in the test window, and no band in the control window? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease states other than IM can produce IM heterophile antibody? |
|
Definition
| leukemia, cytomegalovirus, Burkitt's lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, adenovirus, viral hepatitis and Toxoplasma gondii |
|
|
Term
| What specimen is used for the rheumatoid factor slide test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the serum used for rheumatoid factor slide test need to be heat inactivated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what temperature should reagents and samples be when doing the rheumatoid factor slide test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the rheumatoid factor slide test, the result is moderate clumping with fluid slightly opaque in background. What result is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of test is used to test for herpes simplex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the herpes simplex ELISA test, what is in the microtiter wells to start with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the specimen used for the herpes simplex ELISA test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the herpes simplex ELISA test, how should the well pouches be stored before the test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you do before opening the foul pouches for the herpes simplex ELISA test? |
|
Definition
| let them warm to room temperature |
|
|
Term
| What is in the HSV IgG Enzyme Tracer? |
|
Definition
| goat anti-human IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase |
|
|
Term
| How should chromogen be stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is in the stop solution for Herpes simplex ELISA test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the herpes simplex ELISA test, how often should calibrator and control sera be run? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the herpes simplex ELISA test, what should the mean absorbance be for the cut-off calibrator? |
|
Definition
| Lower than the low positive control but higher than the negative control |
|
|
Term
| If the quality control criteria are not met for the herpes simplex ELISA test, then what? |
|
Definition
| the results are invalid and patient results must not be reported. |
|
|
Term
| In the Herpes simplex ELISA test, should you dilute the cut off calibrator? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the herpes simplex ELISA test, where on the wells is the optical surface located? |
|
Definition
| on the bottom of the wells. |
|
|
Term
| What should you do before pipetting anything in the herpes simplex ELISA test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when rinsing with the wash buffer in the Herpes simplex ELISA test, how many times should you rinse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of putting stuff into the wells in the herpes simplex ELISA test? |
|
Definition
| patient serum, rinse, enzyme tracer, rinse, chromogen, stop solution. |
|
|
Term
| what are the wavelengths used in the herpes simplex ELISA test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the herpes simplex ELISA test, what is the minimum result in AU to be considered positive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the herpes simplex ELISA test, what is the maximum result in AU that can be considered negative? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for the herpes simplex ELISA test, what happens if you get a result between 18-22 AU? |
|
Definition
| Equivocal. Sample should be taken after at least 7 days and repeated with original sample. If new sample is positive, the patient has a current or recent infection |
|
|
Term
| What is the upper limit of linearity for the herpes simplex ELISA test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the method of choice for diagnosing herpes simplex virus? |
|
Definition
| viral culture or identification of HSV from neonatal lesions. |
|
|
Term
| What color is the end product in the autoimmune EIA ANA screening test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What wavelength is used to measure the intensity of color in the autoimmune EIA ANA screening test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What specimen is used in the autoimmune EIA ANA screening test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should the controls be run in the Autoimmune EIA ANA screening test? |
|
Definition
| positive and negative controls, cutoff control and sample diluent blank must be run with each test run. |
|
|
Term
| For the Autiommune EIA ANA screening test, a result of 1.0 or higher indicates what result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Autoimmune EIA ANA screening test, what should be done if a positive result is obtained? |
|
Definition
| confirmative testing for specific antibodies should be run. |
|
|
Term
| For the ANA test system, what is the counterstain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the ANA test system screening test, how should patient samples be diluted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the ANA test system, a homogeneous diffuse pattern suggests what kind of autoantibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the ANA test system, peripheral rim patter suggests what kind of autoantibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the ANA test system, a speckled pattern indicates what antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the ANA test system, centromere specific fluorescence indicates what? |
|
Definition
| CREST syndrome of progressive systemic sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| For the ANA test system, nucleolar fluorescence indicates what antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What could cause false positive for ANA? |
|
Definition
| infectious or neoplastic diseases |
|
|
Term
| A combination of precipitation and electrophoresis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In immunoelectrophoresis, what should you do if there are tears or scratches in the agar layer? |
|
Definition
| put the plate in a 2% solution of glycerol for 20 seconds |
|
|
Term
| What specimens can be used for radial immunodifusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which method of RID uses d2 of the circles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which method of RID uses semi-log paper? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For Radial Immunodiffusion, if you dilute a specimen, what do you do to the result? |
|
Definition
| multiply the result by the dilution factor |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for IgG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for IgA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for IgM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two classes of immunoglobulins are not measured by RID? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What could cause decreases in IgG, IgA and IgM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What could cause increases in IgG, IgA or IgM? |
|
Definition
| monoclonal or polyclonal gammopathy |
|
|
Term
| In RID, if a test specimen gives more than one precipitin ring, what should you do? |
|
Definition
| further testing, such as immunoelectrophoresis |
|
|
Term
| What immunoglobulin class are cold agglutinins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only kind of blood that does not have I antigens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A marked rise in titer, over 4 fold, of cold agglutinins usually indicates what disease? |
|
Definition
| atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| A rise in titer of cold agglutinins less than four fold would usually indicate what? |
|
Definition
| atypical pneumonia caused by influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza and adenoviruses |
|
|
Term
| For the sample for cold agglutinins test, what anticoagulant should be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which test uses Liss additive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease other than pneumonia can cause cold agglutinins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What titer of cold agglutinins are considered normal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of basic reaction is the Rubascan test? |
|
Definition
| passive latex agglutination |
|
|
Term
| For the rubascan test, should serum be heat inactivated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the qualitative Rubascan procedure, what controls should be used? |
|
Definition
| Low reactive and nonreactive. |
|
|
Term
| What does the qualitative rubascan test check for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should controls be run for Rubascan test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To achieve optimal sensitivity for the rubascan test, what should you do with the serum samples that come out negative? |
|
Definition
| repeat them at 1:10 dilution to minimize prozone effect. |
|
|
Term
| For the quantitative rubascan procedure, what controls should be used? |
|
Definition
| high reactive, low reactive, and nonreactive. |
|
|
