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Sep. 18 lecture
SNS, PNS, Somatic system nerve transmission
61
Nursing
Graduate
09/18/2014

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Term
WHAT REGIONS OF THE NERVE ARE NON-MYELINATED? WHAT REGIONS HAVE MYELIN ON THEM?
Definition
DENDRITE, SOMA, AXON HILLOCTS, SYNAPTIC BOUTON, AND NODES OF RANVIER. THE AXON HAS THE MYELIN.
Term
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOU HAD A VOLTAGE GATED CHANNEL (AXON HILLOCTS) THAT IS COVERED WITH MYELIN SHEATH?
Definition
YOU WOULD NEVER BE ABLE TO DEPOLARIZE THE REGION OF THE AXON.
Term
WHAT KIND OF CHANNELS/PROTEINS DOES THE NODES OF RANVIER CONTAIN?
Definition
VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS, LEAK CHANNELS, AND NA/K ATPASE.
Term
WHERE ON THE NEURON IS ACTION POTENTIAL GENERATED AT?
Definition
THE AXON HILLOCTS. THE SOMA ONLY CONTAINS THE LIGAND GATED CHANNEL.
Term
DESCRIBE A FEED FORWARD MECHANISM IN RELATION TO NA CHANNELS.
Definition
IF I BEGIN DEPOLARIZING THE AXON HILLOCTS THAT MEANS THAT I ACTIVATED 1 VOLTAGE GATES NA CHANNEL. WHEN NA COMES IN IT ACTIVATES OTHER NEIGHBORING NA CHANNELS. THIS IS A FEED FORWARD MECHANISM.
Term
DEPOLARIZATION AT THE SYNAPTIC BOUTON IS CAUSED BY WHAT KIND OF CHANNELS?
Definition
VOLTAGE GATED CALCIUM CHANNELS
Term
WHAT RESULTS IN EXOCYTOSIS OF A NEURON?
Definition
CALCIUM INFLUX VIA VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS. THE SYNAPTIC VESICLES WITH STORED NEUROTRANSMITTER, ARE MOVED TOWARD THE CELL SURFACE AND RELEASE THE CONTENTS OF THE VESICLES INTO THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID AKA SYNAPSE.
Term
WHAT KIND OF RECEPTOR AND NEUROTRANSMITTER HAVE OF A SOMATIC NERVE? WHAT KIND OF JUNCTION IS IT?
Definition
NICOTINIC, ACh. IT IS A NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. SOMATIC NERVES GO TO SKELETAL MSUCLES.
Term
WHAT HAPPENS ON THE POSTSYNAPTIC SIDE OF THE NMJ?
Definition
ACh DIFFUSED ACROSS THE SYNAPSE, BINDS TO THE ACh RECEPTOR, AND NA FLOWS INTO THE SKELETAL MUSCLE. IT IS GOING TO INCREASE THE POTENTIAL OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLE AND CAUSE DEPOLARIZATION.
Term
DESCRIBE A NEURONEURONAL JUNCTION?
Definition
THIS IS JUNCTION, OR THE POINT, AT WHICH THE PRESYNAPTIC SENDS SIGNALS TO A POSTSYNAPTIC NERVE. NERVE 1 CAN EITHER TURN ON OR OFF NERVE 2. THE NEUROTRANSMITTER DETERMINES RATHER THE NERVE TURNS SOMETHING ON OR OFF.
Term
DESCRIBE AFFERENT AND EFFERENT NEURONS.
Definition
AFFERENT NEURONS ARE SENSORY NEURONS IN WHICH ARISE FROM THE PERIPHERAL AND MAKES IT'S WAY INTO THE SPINAL CORD. EFFERENT NEURONS ARE NEURONS THAT ARISE FROM THE SPINAL CORD AND MAKE ITS WAY INTO SKELETAL MUSCLE OR SMOOTH/CARDIAC MUSCLE.
Term
WHERE DOES SOMATIC NEURONS GO?
Definition
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Term
WHERE DOES AUTONOMIC EFFERNT NEURONS GO?
Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE AND CARDIAC MUSCLE
Term
ON THE SPINAL CORD WHAT TYPE OF MATTER IS ON THE INSIDE VS OUTSIDE?
Definition
OUTSIDE IS WHITE. THE INSIDE IS GREY. THE WHITE MATTER IS MYELINATED.
Term
WHAT ARE THE 2 ROOTS ON A SPINAL CORD? WHERE ARE THEY AND WHAT DOES EACH ONE DO? WHAT DO THEY COME TOGETHER AND FORM? WHAT ARE THE "BIG" AREAS ON THE BACK AND FRONT OF THE SPINAL CORD?
Definition
THE SPINAL CORD HAS 2 ROOTS TO IT, DORSAL (POSTERIOR) AND VENTRAL (ANTERIOR). THE DORSAL ROOTS ARE THE SENSORY ROOTS. IT SENDS SIGNALS UP TO THE BRAIN. THE VENTRAL ROOTS ARE MOTOR ROOTS AND SENDS SIGNALS TO THE MUSCLES. THOSE 2 ROOTS COME TOGETHER TO FORM SPINAL NERVES ON THE LATERAL SIDE OF EACH OF THE SPINAL CORD. YOU HAVE THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG) ON THE POSTERIOR SIDE AND VENTRAL ROOT GANGLIA (VRG) ON THE ANTERIOR SIDE. SO YOU HAVE THE SPINAL NERVE, DORSAL OR VENTRAL ROOT, THEN THE VRG OR DRG, THEN THE SPINAL CORD.
Term
WHAT IS A GANGLIA?
Definition
A GROUP OF CELL BODIES OUTSIDE OF THE CNS.
Term
WHAT IS A NUCLEUS?
Definition
A GROUP OF CELL BODIES INSIDE OF THE CNS.
Term
DOES EVERY NERVE HAVE A CELL BODY IN THE DRG?
Definition
YES. THAT IS WHY AS YOU FOLLOW THOSE SPINAL NERVES INTO THE DORSAL ROOT, THE DORSAL ROOT IS GOING TO ENLARGE. IT WILL LOOK LIKE A BUMP WHICH IS DUE TO ALL THE CELL BODIES.
Term
WHICH DIRECTION DOES AFFERENT TRAVEL?
Definition
TOWARD THE SPINAL CORD.
Term
WHAT NERVOUS SYSTEM HAS EFFERENT NEURONS GOING TO THE SKELETAL MUSCLE?
Definition
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. THE DORSAL ROOT CONTAINS SENSORY AFFERENTS. THE VENTRAL ROOTS CONTAIN MOTOR EFFERENT. THIS IS TRUE FOR ALL SPINAL NERVES.
Term
WHERE ARE THE CELL BODIES THAT ARE IN THE DRG?
Definition
SENSORY AFFERENTS
Term
DESCRIBE IN RELATION TO DENDRITES, AXON, AND SYNAPTIC TERMINAL, WHERE ARE THESE CONSIDERED LOCATED ON FOR AFFERENT NERVES?
Definition
THE AXON IS IN THE DORSAL ROOT. THE DENDRITE GOES INTO THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA FROM THE PERIPHERAL. THE AXON THAT IS LEAVING THE CELL BODY IS PART OF THE DORSAL ROT THAT IS EXITING THE DRG. THE SYNAPTIC BOUTON IS IN THE DORSAL HORN. IT IS NOT MYELINATED.
Term
IN RELATION TO A SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM'S CELL. WHERE IS THE CELL BODY, AXON, AND SYNAPTIC BOUTON?
Definition
THE SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM'S BODY IS IN THE VENTRAL HORN. THE AXONS ARE IN THE VENTRAL ROOT AND THE SYNAPTIC BOUTON IS AT THE NMJ OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLE.
Term
CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS ARE EITHER WHAT? 2 ANSWERS
Definition
NICOTINIC OR MUSCARINIC.
Term
WHEN THE SENSORY NERVE COMES INTO THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA AND INTO THE DORSAL HORN WHERE DOES THE NERVES GO?
Definition
SOME OF THOSE NERVE FIBERS OF THE AXON WILL BRANCH OFF AND INNERVATE THE SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, BUT SOME OF THEM WILL BRANCH OFF AND TRAVEL INTO THE WHITE MATTER. FROM THE WHITE MATTER THEY WILL TRAVEL UP TO THE BRAIN.
Term
WHAT TYPES OF PLANES ARE GREY AND WHITE MATTER TRAVELING IN?
Definition
GREY MATTER TRAVELS IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE. WHITE MATTER TRAVELS IN THE VERTICAL PLANE.
Term
DORSAL COLUMNS, VENTRAL COLUMNS, AND LATERAL COLUMNS TRAVEL WHERE?
Definition
THOSE ARE ALL WHITE MATTER (MYELINATED) COLUMNS THAT ARE TRAVELING UP AND DOWN THE SPINAL CORD.
Term
ARE THE TERMINAL ENDS OF THE SENSORY AND SOMATIC NEURONS IN GREY OR WHITE MATTER? ARE THE MYELINATED OR NOT?
Definition
THEY ARE UNMYELINATED AND ARE IN THE GREY MATTER.
Term
WHAT DOES UNIQUE NEURONAL MEAN?
Definition
ONE NEURON IS GOING INTO THE CNS AND ONE NEURON IS COMING OUT OF THE CNS.
Term
WHAT DOES BINEURONAL MEAN? WHAT NERVOUS SYSTEM HAVE IT?
Definition
BINEURONAL MEANS THAT THERE ARE 2 NEURONS REQUIRED TO GET TO THE CNS OUT TO CARDIAC OR SMOOTH MUSCLE. THEY ARISE FROM THE ANS.
Term
WHAT ARE THE 2 NEURONS CALLED THAT MAKE UP THE BINEURONAL SYSTEM?
Definition
PRESYNAPTIC (PREGANGLIONIC) AND POSTSYNAPTIC (POSTGANGLIONIC)
Term
WHERE ARE THE PRESYNAPTIC CELL BODIES OF THE SNS LOCATED?
Definition
IN THE IML (INTEROMEDIAL LATERAL) HORN OF T1-L5. THE SNS ARISES FROM THE THORACOLUMBAR REGION. THE IML IS THE "GENITAL WART" AREA INBETWEEN THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL HORN.
Term
WHERE DOES THE ANS EXIT AT ON THE SPINAL CORD?
Definition
THE VENTRAL HORN. THE ANS IS AN EFFERENT SYSTEM. WE ARE SENDING INFORMATION OUT TO CARDIAC AND SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Term
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF SNS GANGLIA?
Definition
PARAVERTEBRAL AND PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA. THE PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA RUN ALONG WITH THE SPINAL CORD ON BOTH SIDES AND LOOK LIKE BEADS. THE PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE "PREAORTIC" GANGLIA AND ARE INFRONT OF THE AORTA. ANTERIOR AND TO THE LEFT OF THE SPINAL CORD. THE PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA HAS LONGER PRESYNAPTIC NEURONS THEN THE PARAVERTEBRAL NEURONS. FOR THE PREVERTEBRAL ROOTS THE VENTRAL ROOTS WILL WRAP AROUND THE AORTA AND SYNAPSE IN THE GANGLIA THAT ARE IN FRONT OF THE AORTA. FROM THERE THEY WILL GO TO ORGANS.
Term
WHERE DOES THE PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA EXISIT OF THE SNS?
Definition
ALL THE WAY FROM THE CERVICAL REGION TO THE SACRUM.
Term
WHAT ARE THE 3 PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA CALLED?
Definition
CELIAC, SUPERIOR MESENTERIC, AND INFERIOR MESENTERIC.
Term
WHAT DOES THE CELIAC ARTERY SUPPLY THE NERVES TO?
Definition
STOMACH, LIVER, GB, SPLEEN, PANCREAS, FIRST PART OF SMALL INTESTINES, KIDNEY, AND ABDOMINAL BLOOD VESSELS. THE CELIAC SUPPLIED EVERYTHING ABOVE THE SPHINCTER OF ODDI.
Term
HOW DOES THE NERVES GET TO THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS?
Definition
AS THE BLOOD VESSELS TRAVEL OUT TO THOSE ORGANS THE NERVES, POSTSYNAPTIC, HITCH A RIDE ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE ARTERY. SO THE BLOOD SUPPLY MIRROS THE NERVE SUPPLY AND VICE VERSA.
Term
WHAT ORGANS ARE CONTROLLED BY THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC GANGLIA?
Definition
ORGANS FROM THE DUODENUM ALL THE WAY TO THE LEFT COLONIC FLEXURE. TRANSVERESE COLON TO DESCENDING COLON. SO EVERY PART OF THE INTESTINES, THE DUODENUM, JEJUNU, ILIUM, CECUM, ASCENDING COLON AND TRANSVERSE COLON ARE SUPPLIED BY THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY.
Term
WHAT DOES THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC GANGLIA/ARTERY CONTROL?
Definition
EVERYTHING FROM LEFT COLONIC FLEXURE TO THE RECTUM.
Term
WHAT DOES THE PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA SUPPPLY?
Definition
THE MIDDLE CERIVCAL GANGLIA OG THE PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA SUPPLY THE HEART AND LUNGS.
Term
WHEN WE SUPPLY THE GI ORGANS ARE WE USING THE PREVERTEBRAL OR PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA?
Definition
PREVEERTEBRAL GANGLIA
Term
TRACE HOW SNS FIBERS START AND FINISH.
Definition
PRESYNAPTIC FIBERS COME OUT OF THE SPINAL CORD (VENTRAL ROOT) AND GO TO THOSE PREAORTIC GANGLIA AND THAT IS WHERE THEY END. THE POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON COMES AFTER THAT. AND SO ON.
Term
WHAT IS THE NEUROTRANSMITTER AND RECEPTOR AFTER THE POSTSYNAPTIC JUNCTION?
Definition
NOREPI AND ADRENERGIC
Term
WHICH NERVOUS SYSTEM REGULATES THE ACTIVITY OF ORGAN SYSTEMS?
Definition
ANS
Term
OF THE SNS ARE THE PRESYNAPTIC AND POSTSYNAPTIC NEURONS SHORT OR LONG?
Definition
THE PRESYNAPTIC IS SHORT. THE POSTSYNAPTIC IS LONG.
Term
WHAT IS THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ALSO KNOWN AS?
Definition
CRANIOSACRAL
Term
WHERE ARE THE PRESYNAPTIC NEURON CELL BODIES OF THE PNS GOING TO BE FOUND IN?
Definition
THE BRAINSTEM. THE CELL BODEIS OF THE PRESYNAPTIC PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS WILL BE FOUND IN NUCLEI IN THE BRAINSTEM.
Term
WHERE DOES THE URINARY ORGAN'S INNERVATION OF THE PNS COME FROM?
Definition
THE SACRAL SPINAL CORD
Term
WHERE ARE THE PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA FOUND AT?
Definition
ON, NEAR, OR IN THE TARGET ORGAN.
Term
ARE THE PRESYNAPTIC AND POSTSYNAPTIC PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA SHORT OR LONG?
Definition
THE PRESYNAPTIC GANGLIA ARE LONG AND THE POSTSYNAPTIC GANGLIA ARE SHORT.
Term
WHAT IS THE NEUROTRANSMITTER AND RECEPTORS FOR THE PRE AND POST SYNAPTIC GANGLIA OF THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?
Definition
ACH AND NICOTINIC FOR PRE AND ACH AND MUSCARINIC FOR POST
Term
WHERE DOES N(M) OCCUR AT? WHERE DOES N(N) OCCUR AT?
Definition
ONLY ON SKELETAL MUSCLES. N(N) IS A NEURONEURONAL JUNCTION WHICH IS NERVE TO NERVE.
Term
HOW MANY TYPES OF MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS ARE THERE AND WHAT ARE THEY CALLED?
Definition
M1-M5
Term
DESCRIBE THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION TO THE ADRENAL MEDULLA.
Definition
THE PRESYNAPTIC FIBERS OF THE SNS TRAVEL FROM THE IML, THEY PASS THROUGH THE PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA WITHOUT SYNAPSING, THEY PASS THROUGH THE PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA WITHOUT SYNAPSING, AND THEY SYNAPSE (END) AT THE SURFACE OF THE CHROMAFFIN CELLS. THE NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT GETS RELEASED IS ACH. THE RECEPTOR THAT IT BINDS IS (CHOLINERGIC) A NICOTINIC NEURONAL RECEPTOR N(N). IT IS NOT SYNAPSING ON A NERVE, IT IS SYNAPSING ON A CHROMAFFIN CELL. THAT CHROMAFFIN CELL PRODUCES EPI AND NOREPI.
Term
WHERE DOES THE CHROMAFFIN CELLS RELEASE CATECHOLAMINES INTO?
Definition
THE BLOOD SYSTEM TO GO INTO SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Term
WHEN WE ACTIVATE THE MEDULLA WHAT KIND OF RESPONSE DO WE GET?
Definition
A SYSTEMIC EFFECT.
Term
SWEAT GLANDS THAT ARE SYMPATHETICALLY INNERVATED RELEASE WHAT FROM THE POSTGANGLIONIC NERVE FIBERS. WHAT ARE THE RECEPTORS?
Definition
ACH, MUSCARINIC
Term
WHAT RECEPTORS ARE PRESENT IN THE VASCULAR BEDS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES OF SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION WHICH CAUSE VASODILATION?
Definition
NICOTINIC RECEPTORS
Term
WHAT KIND OF NERVES WILL BE FOUND IN THE VENTRAL ROOT OF THE SPINAL CORD?
Definition
SOMATIC EFFERENT NERVES AND PRESYNAPTIC SYMPATHETIC FIBERS.
Term
THE FIBERS THAT WILL BE FOUND IN THE VENTRAL ROOTS OF THE THORACOLUMBAR SPINAL CORD WILL BE WHAT?
Definition
SOMATIC EFFERENT AND PRESYNAPTIC SYMPATHETIC FIBERS ONLY. THERE WILL NOT BE ANY PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS IN THAT VENTRAL ROOT BECAUSE PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS ARISE FROM THE CRANIOSACRAL REGION.
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