Term
| 3 processes of perceptual development |
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Definition
Sensation
Perception
Attention |
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Term
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Definition
| The experience resulting form the stimulation of a sense organ |
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Term
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Definition
| The interpretation of sensory stimulation based on experience |
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Term
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Definition
| The selection of particular sensory input for perceptual and cognitive processing and the exclusion of competing input |
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Term
| Influential theory developed by James and Eleanor Gibson regarding emphasis on natural equipment for gather information from the world: |
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Definition
| They do not believe that perception involves combining pieces of input through experience as in the traditional learning view. They argue that objects in the world give off physical energy that is already organized and can be perceived in its entirety. They suggest that perceptual development consists of a child's increasing sensitivity to the organization of this energy and to which properties of objects and people remain stable which properties change. |
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Term
| One of Eleanor Gibson's major works - Principals of Perceptual Learning (1969) indicates: |
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Definition
| nurture plays an important role. With experience, infants and children become increasingly skilled at detecting the information available in sensory stimulation and thus at perceiving the world accurately. Interactionist approach. |
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Term
| Name 8 units that may be part of pain expressions in infants and children |
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Definition
Brow lower - Eyebrows are lowered and pulled together
Eye squeeze - eyelids are tensed and there is a bulging in the lower eyelid
Eye squint - eye opening is narrowed, eyelids appear tense and there is bagging of the lower eyelid
Nasolabial Furrow - the line adjacent to the nostril is deepened and pulled upward
Nose wrinkle - skin around the nose is drawn upward and horizontal puckers appear across the nose
Cheek raise - cheeks are raised toward the eyes and bulging appears under the eyes
Horizontal mouth stretch - lips, lip corners, and surrounding skin are stretched laterally
Vertical mouth stretch - lips are parted and jaw is lowered |
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Term
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Definition
| the perceptual experience that results from active exploration of objects by touch |
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Term
| True or False: by the end of the first year of life, infants can recognize a familiar object by exploration with the hand alone |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
infants exhibit a haptic preference for objects oriented on a slant rather than those oriented vertically |
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Definition
| False; preference in objects oriented vertically |
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Term
| What is the response of a baby when sucking on a fluid that is sweetened? |
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Definition
| The child sucks harder, consumes more, and tends to quiet faster from crying episodes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Can babies differentiate taste at 2 hours of age? How can we tell? |
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Definition
| yes; through different facial expressions |
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Term
| What kind of food do 4 month old babies begin to prefer? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Innate taste preferences in infants might be alterable by early exposure, prenatally and postnatally, to particular flavours. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The perceptual experience that results from motion of the body and the pull of gravity |
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Term
| Name the axes of motion that newborns are sensitive to |
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Definition
front to back
up and down
side to side |
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Term
| Describe the apparatus used to test the relation between visual and vestibular cues in infancy. |
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Definition
| Infants who have begun to walk (typically when they are a year to a year and a half old) are placed in a room with walls that can move as the floor remains stationary. When the front and side walls move, visual cues win out, as the babies often fall backward in this situation.-+ |
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Term
| How might a newborn respond to sounds? |
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Definition
tightening of eyelids,
turning of head and eyes toward the source of the sound
becoming quiet
changes in heart rate and breathing |
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Term
| How can we develop good evidence that newborns can hear the difference between 2 different sounds? |
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Definition
| first present a particular sound (sound A) repeatedly until the baby habituates to it; that is, no longer shows much response, then present sound B. the baby should dishabituate in response to this change in stimulus |
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Term
| What is earliest age evidence suggests fetus can hear? |
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Definition
| 25 weeks after conception |
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Term
| What is one possible explanation for early discrimination and preferences for the mother's voice? |
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Definition
| that the babies had become familiar with their mother's voice in the womb |
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Term
| Do newborn babies hear relative better at low or high frequencies? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Research indicates the localization response disappears around the second month of life and reappears in a more vigorous form in the 6th or 7th months |
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Definition
| false; it reappears in a more vigorous form in the 3rd or 4th month of life |
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