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Definition
| The receiving of stimuli from one's surroundings |
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| The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. This enables us to recognize meaningful objects and events. |
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| The sending of stimuli from the sensory receptors to the brain. |
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| The forming of perceptions based on our experience and expectations, is guided by higher level mental processes. |
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| The study of the relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them. |
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| Minimum stimulation needed to detect stimuli 50% of the time. |
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| Theory that predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation. Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's own experience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue. |
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| below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness. |
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| The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations in memory. |
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| The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference. |
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| Two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage to be perceived as different. Light-8% Weight-2% Tone-3% |
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| Diminished sensitivity due to constant stimulation. |
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| Conversion of one form of energy to another. The transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses that the brain can interpret. |
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| The size of sound and light waves. The dimension of color determined by the wavelength. |
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| The amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, and is determined by the wave's amplitude. |
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Definition
| The adjustable center of the eye that allows light to enter. |
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Definition
| The colored muscles that controls the size of the pupil. |
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Definition
| The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. |
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Definition
| The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. |
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Definition
| detect black, white, and grey. They are necessary for peripheral and twilight vision. |
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Definition
| Detect fine details and colors and are found in the center of the retina. |
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Definition
| Connects to the back of the retina and relays the image to the brain |
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Definition
| The spot on the retina where the optic nerve connects. There are no rods or cones in this location. |
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Definition
| The central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster. |
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Definition
| Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. |
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Definition
| The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step by step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving. |
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Term
| Young-Hemholtz trichromatic theory. |
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Definition
| The theory that the retina has three different color receptors- red, green and blue- which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color. |
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Definition
| The theory that opposing retinal processes (red and green, blue and yellow, white and black) enable color vision. |
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Definition
| The sense or act of hearing |
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Definition
| The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time. |
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Definition
| A tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on the frequency |
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Definition
| The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window. |
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Definition
| A coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. |
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Definition
| The innermost part of the ear, contains the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs. |
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Definition
| In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated. |
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Definition
| In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. |
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| Sensorineural Hearing Loss |
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Definition
| Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness. |
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Definition
| A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea. |
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Definition
| The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts. |
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Definition
| The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance. |
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Definition
| The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by the activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain. |
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Definition
| The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste. |
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Definition
| When the sum is greater that all of its parts |
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Definition
The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings.
Learned |
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Term
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Definition
The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.
Learned |
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Definition
The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance.
Learned |
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Definition
| A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals. |
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Definition
| Depth cues, such as retinal disparity that depend on the use of both eyes. |
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Definition
| A binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object. |
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Definition
| Depth clues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone. |
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Definition
| An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession. |
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Definition
| Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change. |
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Definition
| Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. |
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Definition
| In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. |
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Definition
| A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another |
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Definition
| A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use. |
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Term
| Extrasensory Perception (ESP) |
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Definition
| The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis. |
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Definition
| Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. |
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Term
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Definition
| In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another |
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Term
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Definition
| A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use. |
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Term
| Extrasensory Perception (ESP) |
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Definition
| The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. |
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Term
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Definition
| In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another |
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Term
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Definition
| A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use. |
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Term
| Extrasensory Perception (ESP) |
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Definition
| The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis. |
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