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| modify energy created by something in the environment |
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| ability to change shape of the lens to bend light waves |
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| ability to see details, greatest in fovea |
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| responsiveness to unchanging stimulus decreases over time |
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| loudness, diff in air pressure from peak to wave |
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| absence of sensation of pain in presence of normally painful stimulus |
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bundle of axons that go into brain
mechanical deformations of hair cells
code amp and frequency to brain |
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floor of the long tube
when sound waves pass thru fluid in tube, membrane moves hair cells on membrane |
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| vision- recieve input from many photoreceptors, called convergence |
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| place where no photoreceptors are, point where optic nerve exits eyeball |
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| overall intensity of all wavelengths making up light |
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structure where transduction occours
coiled spiral |
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| translation of the physical properties of a stimulus into a pattern of neural activity that specifically identifies those physical properties |
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2 colors are this if grey results wen lights of 2 colors are mixed together
-opponents in opponent/process theory |
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basis for color vision
used with high light intensities
can detect color |
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| increases sensativity of each bipolar cell |
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| curved, protective layer where light enters eye |
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| increasing ability to see in the dark as time passes |
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| cortical cells that respond to different characteristics of objects in a visual field |
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| center of retina where cones are concentrated |
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| related to pitch, longer wavelength, longer frequency |
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| theory that firing rate of a neuron in auditory nerve matches frequency of a sound wave |
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| cells in retina capable of generating action potentials that travel a great distance |
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| there is a "gate" in spinal cord that either lets pain travel up to brain or blocks progress |
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| chemical sense system in the mouth |
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| essential color determined by dominant wavelength in mixture of light |
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cells in retina which make sidweways connections with bipolar cells
-excite or inhibit reponse of neighbor cell |
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| gives eye color, adjust amount of light into eye |
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| sense that tells you where parts of your body are in relation to others |
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| lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) |
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| axons from most ganglion cells in retina form synapes in thalamus, more specifically in this area |
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| enhancement of sensation of contrast that occours when greater response to light in one photoreceptor supresses the response of a neighboring cell |
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| curved area directly behind pupil, helps bend light rays |
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| how much energy light contains, brightness of light |
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| determined by amplitude, greater amp, louder |
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| smell sense, detects airborne chemicals |
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| brain structure that receives messages about smell |
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| theory accounts for after images, colors have pairs, complementary colors |
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| place where fibers inside each half of eye cross over |
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| bundle of fibers leaving eye |
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| small crystals in vestibular sacs, rest on hair endings (ear stones) |
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| structures where taste buds are grouped together |
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| chemicals that respond to light |
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| specialzed cells in the rretina hat convert light energy into neural activity |
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| how high or low a tone sounds |
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traveling wave theory
greatest response of hair cells occours at peak of wave |
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| auditory nerve crosses brain midline, goes to thalamus, then here: |
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| area for each sense that receives sensory info |
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| sensory systems that allow us to know about where we are and what each part of our body is doing |
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opening just behind cornea where light passes thru
gets larger or smaller to let in light |
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| part of retina and corresponding part of visual world to which cell responds |
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| back of eye where light rays are focused into an image |
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| unable to discriminate color, more sensitive to light, allow you to see in low light |
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| related to purity of color, more saturated and more pure if just one wavelength |
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| fluid filled arc shaped tubes. when move head, fluid moves inside this |
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| system that translates info from outside nervous system into neural activity |
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| specialzed cells that detect certain kinds of energy |
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senses not located in a specific organ, spread throughout body
(touch, temp, pain) |
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| repetitive fluctuation in the pressure of a medium, such as air. |
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| LOCATION of firing of neuronsrelative to neighbors |
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| stimulation of a particular sensory nerve, provides codes for that sense |
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| changes in TIMING of firing of neurons |
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process of converting incoming energy into neural activity
takes place at sensory receptors |
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theory that theres 3 types of visual elements, each sensitive to diff wavelengths, combine to produce color
blue green yellow |
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| eardrum, tightly stretched |
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| tells brain about position of head and its movements |
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| volley of firing at a combined frequncy higher than any could manage alone |
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| portion of olfactory system where pheremones go |
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