Term
|
Definition
| The process by which our sensory receptors respond to external stimuli and the transmission of these responses to the brain. |
|
|
Term
| what is bottom up processing |
|
Definition
| Progression from individual elements to the whole( e.g. sensory input to recognition) (sensation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proces s of organizing and interpreting sensory infromation so that it has meaning |
|
|
Term
| whats top down processing |
|
Definition
Perceptual representation is affected by progression from the whole to the elements
Guided by our expectations, past experiences, motivations, and other aspects of higher mental functioning
(perception usually) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of the relationship between physical stimulus and sensory experience. |
|
|
Term
| examples of psychophysics |
|
Definition
Absolute threshold
Lowest level of stimulus intensity at which a sense will respond 50% of the time. |
|
|
Term
| whats an absolute threshold |
|
Definition
| Lowest level of stimulus intensity at which a sense will respond 50% of the time. |
|
|
Term
| What does signal detection theory predict? |
|
Definition
| A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulus (noise). |
|
|
Term
What
are difference thresholds (AKA Just Noticeable Difference)? |
|
Definition
| The just noticeable difference between two stimuli – the minimum amount of change required for a person to detect a difference. |
|
|
Term
| what is the basic premise of webers law |
|
Definition
constant proportion of change
The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (of the size of the initial stimuli). |
|
|
Term
| what is sensory adaptation |
|
Definition
A decrease in sensitivity do to a constant level of stimulus.
Example is when you walk into a room and smell something but after awhile you don’t smell it anymore. |
|
|
Term
| what senses does sensory adaptation apply to? |
|
Definition
touch
taste
sight
hearing
smell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the image on the retina is then transformed into electrical signals |
|
|
Term
| what are the physical properties of light and sound and how do they relate to vision and hearing |
|
Definition
| vision uses light waves and hearing uses sound waves |
|
|
Term
| what is function of sclera |
|
Definition
| helps maintain the shape of the eye |
|
|
Term
| whats the function of pupil |
|
Definition
| opening in center of iris |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the cornea |
|
Definition
| protects eye and bends light |
|
|
Term
| whats the function of the lens |
|
Definition
| brings image to focus with flexible disk shaped structure |
|
|
Term
| whats the function of the iris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whats the function of the retina |
|
Definition
| records electromagnetic energy and records it to neural impulses for the brain to process |
|
|
Term
| whats the function of the optic nerve |
|
Definition
| carries visual info to the brain for further processing |
|
|
Term
| whats the funtion of the blind spot |
|
Definition
| place on the retina where the optic nerve leaves eye on way to the brain and we cannot see anything that reaches only this part of the retina |
|
|
Term
| whats the function of the fovea |
|
Definition
| most important part of retina where vision is at its best contains only cones and is vital to many visual tasks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard. |
|
|
Term
| do cones or rods relate to visual acuity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
longer green ones on retina
they are light sensitive
function under low illumination
120 million million |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
purple shorter things on retina
they help us with color perception
light sensative but require more light
6 million cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the trichromatic theory? |
|
Definition
| theory stating that color perception is produced by three types of cone receptors in retina that are particularly to sensitive to different, but overlapping, ranges of wavelengths |
|
|
Term
| what is opponent process theory |
|
Definition
| Theory that color vision is the product of opposing pairs of color receptors, red-green, blue-yellow, black-white; |
|
|
Term
| what are figure ground relationships |
|
Definition
| principle where we organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out and those that are left over |
|
|
Term
| the figure ground relationship grouping principles are |
|
Definition
| gestalts principles of closure continuity proximity and similarity |
|
|
Term
| ojects that are close together are often clustered into groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| objects that are similar are grouped together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| things are seen as continuous and not in broken segments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| perceive things as a single unit our brains create the lines to fill whats missing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to perceive objects three dimensionally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depth cues that depend on the combo of the images in the left and right eyes and on the two eyes work together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| powerful depth cues available from the image in one eye either to the right or left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Objects of the same shape often look different because of the angle of our view |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the anvil is where in the ear and what does it do |
|
Definition
| it is connected to the hammer and stirrup and in the middle ear when they vibrate the transmit sound waves to the inner ear |
|
|
Term
| what and where is the cochlea |
|
Definition
| it is in the inner ear which get sound waves with basilar membranes inside the snail looking thing |
|
|
Term
| how do we percieve pitch according to place theory |
|
Definition
| the theory says each frequency is registered in the inner ear and each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on basilar membranes |
|
|
Term
| we perceive pitch through frequency by |
|
Definition
| saying the inner ear registers the frequency of sound depending on how often the auditory nerve fires |
|
|
Term
| what is a phantom limb sensation |
|
Definition
| feeling limb pain after the amputation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a chemical that triggers a natural behavioral response in another member of the same species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a phenomenon reported in 1971 wherein the menstrual cycles of women who lived together (such as in homes, prisons, convents, bordellos, dormitories, or barracks) reportedly became synchronized over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are taste sensations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person who experiences the sense of taste with far greater intensity than average. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sense that provide info about movement posture and orientation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sense that provides info about balance and movement |
|
|
