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Definition
| stationary point of light appears to be moving when its on a featurless background |
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| appearance of movement due to a fixed image being presented in rapid succession (quickly) *flip books |
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| appearnce of movement due to a stimuli turning on & off after each other |
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| learned assumptions shape perceptions |
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concentration influences perception
i.e. when walking down the hall and deep in thought and someone calls your name but you dont see/hear them |
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selective attention perception
i.e. hearing your name in the crowd |
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| connects and channels sound waves |
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| the visible part of the ear; locates the sound waves |
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| auditory canal (outer ear) |
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Definition
| channels the sound wave to the eardrum |
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Definition
| a membrane that vibrates in response to incoming sound waves (eardrum vibrations match frequency of sound wave) |
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| middle ear (mechanical part of the ear) |
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Definition
| amplifies soiund onto the oval window, which seperates the middle ear from the inner ear |
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Definition
three tine bones
1. hammer (malleus)
2. anvil (incus)
3. stirrup (stapes)
Each bone causes the next bone to vibrate, resulting in increased amplitude |
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Definition
Vibrations from the oval window cause the fluid in the cochlea to move, causing basilar membrane vibrations, which cause the hair cells to move.
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| the hairs cells move back and fourth in the inner ear causing cells in the auditory nerve to become stimulated. The auditory nerve then carries the message to the thalamus, which then sends it to the auditory cortex |
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| fluid-filled tube, resembles a snail |
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Definition
| lines the cochlea and contains hair cells (also called cilia), the sensory receptors for audition |
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| the part of a sense organ such as the lens of an eye or the outer ear that is responsible for collecting and modifying energy from the enviro. |
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Definition
| specialized cells that respond to certain energy fluctuations in the enviroment |
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Definition
| detection of a physical stimulus in the enviro. |
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Definition
| refers to the interpretation of a sensation |
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Definition
| occurs when physical energy is converted into neural code, making it possible for the brain to interpret the energy |
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| smallest amount of stimulus energy necessary for sensation to take place 50% of the time |
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| located in the cerebral cortex, processes the sensory info. |
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| examines factors that affect the process of sensation |
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Definition
| ability to detect a stimulus, and is affected by the strength of the stimulus |
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Definition
| refers to a person's willingness to respond to a stimulus |
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difference threshold
AKA just noticable difference (JND) |
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Definition
| the smallest detectable 'difference' between two stimuli |
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Definition
| sensory receptors lose their sensitivity in response to a unchanging stimulus |
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| a clear, protective membrane that covers the eye |
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| opening in the eye that allows light to enter |
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| muscle that determines the amount of light that enters through the pupil |
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Definition
| located directly behind the pupil, bends the light wave, focusing it on the retina |
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| refers to the process of how the lens focuses in and out on images |
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| a light sensitive membrane located in the back of the eye; contains photoreceptors |
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| the sensory receptors responsible for converting light energy into neural code; divided into rods and cones |
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Definition
| more active in dimly lighted conditions |
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Definition
| more active in bright light conditions and help in the detectiion of fine details and color, greatest concentration in fovea |
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| area of the retina where visual activity is sharpest |
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| specialized neruons that connect rods and cones to ganglion cells |
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Definition
| specialized neruons that recieve and process info from the receptor cells before the info is sent to the brain |
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| carries info to the brain |
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Definition
| occurs where the optic nerve leaves the retina, producing a void in the visual field. |
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| the point where the nerves from each eye meet in the brain and then cross to the opposite side of the brain |
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| processes the visual info |
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| neurons in the primary cortex, specialized to respond to different aspects of an image such as size, shape, and angle. |
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| refers to how the brain processes multiple sources of info simultaneously |
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| color people psychologically experience |
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Definition
| intentsity of the light wave |
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| mixing different paint colors |
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| adding more light wavelengths |
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Definition
| three types of cones each sensitive to a specific wavelength: red-sensitve cone=long wavelengths, green-sensitve=mediun wavelengths, blue-sensitve cones=short wavelengths |
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Term
| opponent-process theory of color vision |
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Definition
| color-sensitve components of the eye are grouped into 3 parts: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white |
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