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Sensation and Perception
appsych
55
Psychology
12th Grade
10/25/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Autonkinetic effect
Definition
stationary point of light appears to be moving when its on a featurless background
Term
stroboscopic motion
Definition
appearance of movement due to a fixed image being presented in rapid succession (quickly) *flip books
Term
Phi Phenomenon
Definition
appearnce of movement due to a stimuli turning on & off after each other
Term
perceptual set
Definition
learned assumptions shape perceptions
Term
unanttentional blindness
Definition

concentration influences perception

 

i.e. when walking down the hall and deep in thought and someone calls your name but you dont see/hear them

Term
cocktail party phenomena
Definition

selective attention perception

 

i.e. hearing your name in the crowd

Term
Sound
Definition
auditory stimulation
Term
outer ear
Definition
connects and channels sound waves
Term
Pinna (outer ear)
Definition
the visible part of the ear; locates the sound waves
Term
auditory canal (outer ear)
Definition
channels the sound wave to the eardrum
Term
eardrum (outer ear)
Definition
a membrane that vibrates in response to incoming sound waves (eardrum vibrations match frequency of sound wave)
Term
middle ear (mechanical part of the ear)
Definition
amplifies soiund onto the oval window, which seperates the middle ear from the inner ear
Term
Middle ear parts
Definition

three tine bones

1. hammer (malleus)

2. anvil (incus)

3. stirrup (stapes)

 

Each bone causes the next bone to vibrate, resulting in increased amplitude

Term
inner ear
Definition

Vibrations from the oval window cause the fluid in the cochlea to move, causing basilar membrane vibrations, which cause the hair cells to move.

 

 

Term
Transduction
Definition
the hairs cells move back and fourth in the inner ear causing cells in the auditory nerve to become stimulated. The auditory nerve then carries the message to the thalamus, which then sends it to the auditory cortex
Term
Cochlea
Definition
fluid-filled tube, resembles a snail
Term
Basilar membrane
Definition
lines the cochlea and contains hair cells (also called cilia), the sensory receptors for audition
Term
Accessory structure
Definition
the part of a sense organ such as the lens of an eye or the outer ear that is responsible for collecting and modifying energy from the enviro.
Term
sensory receptors
Definition
specialized cells that respond to certain energy fluctuations in the enviroment
Term
sensation
Definition
detection of a physical stimulus in the enviro.
Term
perception
Definition
refers to the interpretation of a sensation
Term
Transnduction
Definition
occurs when physical energy is converted into neural code, making it possible for the brain to interpret the energy
Term
absolute threshold
Definition
smallest amount of stimulus energy necessary for sensation to take place 50% of the time
Term
sensory cortex
Definition
located in the cerebral cortex, processes the sensory info.
Term
signal detection theory
Definition
examines factors that affect the process of sensation
Term
sensitivity
Definition
ability to detect a stimulus, and is affected by the strength of the stimulus
Term
response criterion
Definition
refers to a person's willingness to respond to a stimulus
Term

difference threshold

AKA just noticable difference (JND)

Definition
the smallest detectable 'difference' between two stimuli
Term
sensory adaptation
Definition
sensory receptors lose their sensitivity in response to a unchanging stimulus
Term
cornea
Definition
a clear, protective membrane that covers the eye
Term
pupil
Definition
opening in the eye that allows light to enter
Term
iris
Definition
muscle that determines the amount of light that enters through the pupil
Term
lens
Definition
located directly behind the pupil, bends the light wave, focusing it on the retina
Term
accomadation
Definition
refers to the process of how the lens focuses in and out on images
Term
retina
Definition
a light sensitive membrane located in the back of the eye; contains photoreceptors
Term
photoreceptors
Definition
the sensory receptors responsible for converting light energy into neural code; divided into rods and cones
Term
rods
Definition
more active in dimly lighted conditions
Term
cones
Definition
more active in bright light conditions and help in the detectiion of fine details and color, greatest concentration in fovea
Term
fovea
Definition
area of the retina where visual activity is sharpest
Term
bipolar cells
Definition
specialized neruons that connect rods and cones to ganglion cells
Term
ganglion cells
Definition
specialized neruons that recieve and process info from the receptor cells before the info is sent to the brain
Term
optic nerve
Definition
carries info to the brain
Term
blind spot
Definition
occurs where the optic nerve leaves the retina, producing a void in the visual field.
Term
optic chiasm
Definition
the point where the nerves from each eye meet in the brain and then cross to the opposite side of the brain
Term
primary visual cortex
Definition
processes the visual info
Term
feature detectors
Definition
neurons in the primary cortex, specialized to respond to different aspects of an image such as size, shape, and angle.
Term
parallel processing
Definition
refers to how the brain processes multiple sources of info simultaneously
Term
hue
Definition
color people psychologically experience
Term
saturation
Definition
purity of color
Term
brightness
Definition
intentsity of the light wave
Term
subtractive color mixing
Definition
mixing different paint colors
Term
additive color mixing
Definition
adding more light wavelengths
Term
theory of color vision
Definition
three types of cones  each sensitive to a specific wavelength: red-sensitve cone=long wavelengths, green-sensitve=mediun wavelengths, blue-sensitve cones=short wavelengths
Term
opponent-process theory of color vision
Definition
color-sensitve components of the eye are grouped into 3 parts: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white
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