Term
|
Definition
| a sequence of steps that illustrates the behind-the-scenes processes involved in perception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the things in our environment that we can potentially perceive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a stimulus being attended to at a given point in time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the senses, the transformation of environmental energy into electrical energy. For example, the retinal receptors transduce light energy into electrical energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| operations that change into electrical responses of neurons in various ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conscious sensory experience that includes recognition and action; process created by flow of signals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| our ability to place an object in a category that gives it meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inability to recognize objects (can recognize parts of object though) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motor activities such a smoving the head or eyes and locomoting through the enviornment. _______ is one of the major outcomes of the perceptual process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| experience(s) that a perceiver brings to a situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a demonstration that shows how recently acquired knowledge can influence perception |
|
|
Term
| bottom-up processing or data-based processing |
|
Definition
| processing that is based on incoming data, the starting pint for perception. |
|
|
Term
| top-down processing or knowledge-based processing |
|
Definition
| processing that is based on knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that we can obserer processes at different scales (the psychophysical and physiological) |
|
|
Term
| psychophysical level of analysis |
|
Definition
| focuses on how a person's perception is related to stimulation in the environment; stimulus-perception relationship |
|
|
Term
| cognitive influences on perception |
|
Definition
| the knowledge, memories, and expectations that are the starting place for top-down processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first step in studying perception; the method used to determine the relationship between stimuli and perception in which the observer describes what he/she perceives |
|
|
Term
| classical psychophysical methods |
|
Definition
| original methods (limits, adjustment, and constant stimuli) used to measure the stimulus-perception relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest amount of stimulus energy necessary for an observer to detect a stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a psychophysical method fr measuring threshold in which the experimenter presents stimuli in alternating ascending and descending order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a psychophysical method in which he experimenter of the observer adjusts the stimulus intensity in a continuous manner until the observer detects the stimulus |
|
|
Term
| method of constant stimuli |
|
Definition
| a psychophysical method in which a number of stimuli with different intensities are presented repeatedly in a random order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest difference a person can detect between two stimuli; DL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a law stating that the ratio of the difference threshold (DL) to the value of the stimulus (DL/S) is constant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ratio of the difference threshold to the value of the standard stimulus in weber's law; DL/S |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a psychophysical method in which the subject assigns numbers to a stimulus that are proportional to the subjective magnitude of the stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the result when doubling the intensity of a stimulus less than doubles the subjective magnitude of the stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the result when doubling the intensity of a stimulus more than doubles the subjective magnitude of the stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| P=KS^n, where P is perceived magnitude, K is a constant, S is stimulus intensity, and n is an exponent. Same formula for all senses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a law concerning the realitonship betwee the physical intensity of a stimulus and the perception of the subjective magnitude of the stimulus. Expressed mathematically by: P=KS^n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method that requires the observer to find one stimulus among many, as quick as they can |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time between presentation of the stimulus and the observer's response to the stimulus; has provided important info about mechanisms responsible for perception |
|
|
