Term
|
Definition
| The layer of photosensitive cells on the back of the eye |
|
|
Term
| The psychological theory associated with laws for grouping features "the whole is better than the some" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The 3 ypes of junctions used in the modeals of guzman and clowes |
|
|
Term
| Herman grid illusion and Mach Band Illusion |
|
Definition
| Visual illusion resulting from the lateral inhibition in receptive fields |
|
|
Term
| A theory of object recognition in which an image is compared to prototypes in memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gestalt law that explains why we experience subjective contours |
|
|
Term
| Max stair height percievers reported being able to climb without using their hands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Visual information travels here on its way to the visual cortex |
|
Definition
| Lateral Geniculate Nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cue for depth that comes from the optical flow associated with the moving head. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The formula for calculating diopters |
|
|
Term
| The approximate number of rods in each eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Number of cones in the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the cones located in the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patient D.F. experienced damage to this pathway which left her unable to perceive orientation bur can put a letter in the slot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Far sightedness (hyperopia) |
|
Definition
| Individuals with reading glasses likely to experience this visual defect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A visual deficit associated with damage to the visual cortex |
|
|
Term
| The smallest receptive fields come from receptors at this location of the retinal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pathwaythat connects the visual cortex to the parital lobe (near the motor cortex) |
|
|
Term
| The four types of pressure receptors |
|
Definition
| Merkel receptors, meissner corpuscles, ruffini cylinder, pacinian corpuscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Action based mechanism (outflow) in which copies of the commands to the muscles compared to visual input |
|
|
Term
| Newborns have difficult seeing these colors |
|
Definition
| Blues (Short wavelengths) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gestalt law stating that we tend to adopt the simplist interpretation of this scene |
|
|
Term
| Monkeys subjected to this manipulation experienced a decrease in the amount of sensory cortex devoted to the middle finger |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 94% of the 20-year-olds and 6% of 80-year-olds have this visual acuity or better |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The type of glasses prescribed for presbyopia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This threshold is determined by the sixe of the receptive fields for our pressure receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A theory of pitch perception based on the observation that the basilar membrane vibrates in one location for each frequency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While a sound source approaches you, the percieed frequency of sound will increase |
|
|
Term
| Henning proposed that there were 6 basic dimensions to this sense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a sound source moves further away, you percieve this change in amplitude |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells in the visual cortex are organized into these structures, based on ocular dominance, the location of receptive field, and orientation selections |
|
|
Term
| In both the muller-lyer and ponzo illusions, perceived depth is manipulated to create an illusion of this perception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stereopsis (binocular disparity) |
|
Definition
| in hearing, differences in the time and amplitude between the ears are used to perceive location. this is the equivalent cue in vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Perceivers experience uncrossed disparity for objects at this distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 bones of the middle ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hole that allows light to enter the eye |
|
|
Term
| Filiform, circumvallette, foliate, and fungiform are all associated with this sense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The units for measuring amplitude |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sound wave consists of changes in this property over time |
|
|
Term
| hertz is calculated in these units |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the curled snail-like structure in the inner ear |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of hair cells on the basilar membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in loud environments, this process is triggered in the middle ear to protect the inner ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hammer, anvil, and stirrup |
|
|
Term
| the formula for calculating decibels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristic of a sound wace that corresponds to pitch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this structure vibrates in different locations for different frequencies |
|
|
Term
| 2 features of a sound wave that determines perveived loudness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| our absolute threshold is zero db for this tone |
|
|
Term
| von bekesy built an artifical version of this in order to study pitch perception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ear is divided into these 3 sections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 papillae that contain taste buds |
|
Definition
| foliate, circumvalletter, and fungiform |
|
|
Term
| 3 qualities perceived by cutaneous touch |
|
Definition
| pressure, temperature, pain |
|
|
Term
| high frequency tones vibrate the basilar membran more at this location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structure 20x smaller than the tympanic membrane, causing sounds to be amplified |
|
|
Term
| all of the zones that sit along one equal loudness contour will appear to be identical on this perceived dimension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| place theory was originally proposed by this scientist in 1863 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a visual deficit that is often corrected with bifocals |
|
|
Term
| both taste and smell respind to this type of stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 differences between the sounds in each ear that are used to localize sounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| number of dimesnions of smell in hennings smell prism model |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulating these receptrs will produce analgesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique for studying infance perception that begins by having the infant get bored looking at a stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| location of receptors for smell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taste and smell connect in this area of the brain |
|
|
Term
| newborn can see up to this distance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure receptors licated deep within the skin, intestines, and joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| researchers investigated how we perceive vertical lovation of sound by manipulating this part of the ear |
|
|
Term
| heat is felt when these receptors are stimulated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| our brain sipresses later arriving sounds (i.e. echoes) and only passes the first sound to reach our ear onto consciousness |
|
|
Term
| the age at which infancts show a preference for their moms face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the doppler effect creates increases in thise feature of a sound as the sound approaches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the type of touch usuing receptors in the skin |
|
|
Term
| monaural characteristic of a tone that provides information about how far away the sound source is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Part of the ear on the outside of the head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the highest frequency sound that we can hear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cognitive processes interpret retinal image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| assume perception driven by data available |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| object recognition assumes normalization before comparing |
|
|
Term
| any retinal image comes from infinite objects |
|
Definition
| inverse projection problem |
|
|
Term
| palmers obkect recognition experiment improved with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| computer scientists 1st, features into objects |
|
|
Term
| language-like description recongize object from different perspective |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clowes arrow intersections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| motion parallax (distant) |
|
Definition
| distant items move in the same direction as you |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no difference between 2 images |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| artists use this to show depth |
|
|
Term
| depth perception cues on retinal image unconsciously |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| object recogntion proposes recogntion by single feature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| objects dimensions vs. your body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| size of image constant ration for size and distance |
|
|
Term
| cue not used to perceive depth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| researchers depth used for size |
|
|
Term
| all identical on this measure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| misplaced size constancy illusion |
|
Definition
| muller-lyer, ponzo, shepard and aimes illusion |
|
|
Term
| figure made appear at distance appears smaller |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 figures identical retianl image appear at different distances |
|
|
Term
| moon belief, moon more distant at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cancel movement of the retinal image |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "how does the visual system match up the disparate retinal images for bonocular depther perception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| apparent distance of after image |
|
|
Term
lee and aronsons moving room maintain balance in
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| long jumpers control stride and foot position |
|
Definition
| vertical impuse (or force) |
|
|
Term
| order of colors in visible light spectrum |
|
Definition
roygbiv
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet |
|
|
Term
| 3 similarities indentified by the camera metaphor |
|
Definition
| lens, photoreactive film, focus |
|
|
Term
| the layer of photosensitive cells inside the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this color reflects up to 90% of light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the entire left visual system is on this side of the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the point on the dark adaption curve occurring after 8 minutes in the dare0 where threshold begins dropping again quickly
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a common disorder in which an image is focoused unsided the eye infront of the retina |
|
|
Term
| a pehnomenon associated with having lost the visual cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the wavelength of light corresponding to violet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 3 illusions resulting from lateral inhibition that were presented in your textbook |
|
Definition
| herman grid illusion, the mach band illusion, simultaneous contrast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term to describe the neural netwoeking of which produces receptive fields |
|
|
Term
| relative to zero diopters, the light refelected off the surgace always has this divergence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the location on the retina where we have the highest acuity |
|
|
Term
| the four tpes of cells that we refer to as collector cells |
|
Definition
| retinal ganglion cells, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal |
|
|
Term
| decartes pulled back this layer of white tissue to reveal an inverted retinal image |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 possible responses that could be observed when light falls on a cells receptive field |
|
Definition
| excitation, inhibtion and no effect |
|
|
Term
| 2 structures bend light to form an image |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neurons in the fovea that allow us to see colors and details in bright light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of photoreceptors that connect to a single cell further along two visual pathways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 opponent processing channels that give rise to color after images |
|
Definition
| black-white, blue-green, red-orange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characteristics of color refers to the difference between red and green |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 80% of neurons in optic tract connect here before sending to the visual cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in intact humans, this illusion is present in perception but not action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of visual system responsible for ambient vision |
|
|
Term
| pathway leads from visual cortex to language areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
color deficiency in which an individual is missing the m cones
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visual pathway through the lgn to the visual cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the organization of cells in visual cortex (and lgn) in which adjacent regions on the retinal image are processed in adjacent areas in the visual cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unlike neurons in LGN, these neurons in the visual cortex receive unpit from both eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research shows hamsters with this area of their brain removed are abe to recognize patterns but unable to distinguish left and right |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common problem with vision often correxted by perscribing glases with a positive lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preference for intact faces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
calculation for sensitivity
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Kittens raised in an environment (e.g., wearing goggles) where they only experience one type of contour (e.g., vertical)
|
|
Definition
–Decreased acuity for contours not experienced during development
–Decreased responding for contours not experienced during development
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
–One kitten pulls another in a trolley
–Same visual experience, but only one is active
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| features that are similar are seen to belong together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| features that are close together are seen to belong together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| features that enclose an area are seen to belong together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| features that form a continuous line are seen to belong together |
|
|
