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| achievement motivation: concepts of "success and failure orientation"success oriented persons tend to set realistic goals |
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learning theorist; popularized "advanced organizer" - Med Dr/Psychologist
- Meaningful verbal learning with some discover learning.
- He wouldn’t start at the middle not at the top or at the bottom
- He called that…ADVANCED ORGANIZER
- If you have 2 psychologists dueling, the best thing to do is compromise and this is what he did.
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"social learning"
- social learning – you don’t have to receive the reward, you can profit from watching someone else. – Gives skinner a social dimension – observation/imitation.
- Tremendous influence on teachers/advertising (be like Mike)
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| coauthor of the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory |
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learning theorist; known for "discovery learning" reincarnated herbartian – it is impt about what we put in there because it will help us learn problems Neo-gestaltist \ Wood’s Hole Conference – how to teach things better The Process of Education (as a result of the conference wrote it) “structure of the discipline” – his mantra Curriculum determined by the fundamentals of the principles – any subject to any age Daddy of discover learning (inquiry) Learning is its own motivation Children learn to learn as they learn – HEURISTICS
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learning theorist; learning hierarchies - Granddaddy of programmed instruction – “task analysis”
- Task – landing and airplane
- What do you want the learner to be able to do?
- A capability
- Learner hierarchy – master fundamentals and go to the next step
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the "seven intelligences" Students must come to learn because they have a desire to learn, non because of a reward |
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| developed theory upon which the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory is based |
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"Tabula rasa"
talking about the mind. All perceptions come from the senses. They are all unique . Like Ames |
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hierarchy of needs; deficiency and growth needs
Theory of Growth Motivation - Need gratification is the most important
- Deficiency is big bottom of pyramid
- Growth highest top of the pyramid
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| achievement motivation: people have a need to be successful at something |
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| coauthor of the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory |
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stage theorist/schema/equilibrium/asssimilation/accomodation
- children have a built in desire to make sense of what they observe – we have our own schemas – way they fit together.
- When things are good it is equilibration.
- If something strange happens – then I am going to have to alter my schema to make it fit accordingly – assimilate it accommodate it.
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| on the road to achievement motivation:subjected students to "success" or "failure"treatment to determine the effect upon goal setting |
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| behaviorist; "operant conditioning |
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| Stimulus Response basis for behaviorism in education, laws of learning |
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| proportion of left-brain/right brain distribution in the general public |
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Sears, McClelland, Atkinson; the concept that we are conditioned to expect success or failure as a result of our experiences Low achievers attribute success to luck and failure to lack of ability |
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| Ausubel; the idea of beginning instruction in the middle of a learning hierarchy for relevance |
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paying attention or "attending" to something monitored by the sensory register
monitoring vs selective focusing vs distraction Attention is mainly selective focusing (what are they attending to?) Bizarre stimuli – attn getters Interest helps keep it and so does age Comes down to everyone has to teach themselves
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learning theory stressing stimulus-response and limited transfer Pavlov, skinner, watson, bandura |
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Brunner's educational theory of disequilibration and equilibration -
- Learning is its own motivation
- Children learn to learn as they learn – HEURISTICS
- Skinner- Discovery avoids failure because you don’t even attempt to provide instruction
- Genuine discovery is rare
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| teaching strategy developed at Oregon State University in the early 1970s to deal with a perceived change in the nature of incoming students |
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literally means "patterns" in German; recognizing patterns or similarities humans can think, base theories based on if they can pick up on patterns |
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| an educational method in which learning takes place through discoveries that result from investigations made by the student (a la Bruner) |
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material encoded in the brain - tabula rasa” –
- Library analogy – think of a research library – give them a list and they go to the stacks and come back and you go read
- Assumes organization
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| where material is stored before being processed into long-term memory or after being retrieved from long-term memory for use |
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| jingles, rhymes, phrases, acronyms, acrostics, or other devices used in helping storage or retrieval from long term memory |
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| intrinsic/extrinsic motivation |
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| from within or from the outside |
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| Maslow's lower (must be obtained from others) or higher (self-dependent) order needs |
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up/down process involving the merging of incoming data from the sensory register with information possessed in long-term memory - interactive process;
- bottom up from the stimulus itself;
- top down processing - oops I have been in an accident
- ah-ha
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strategies for placing material in long-term memory to retain in LTM (meaningfulness) – gagne/bruner/ausubel – hierarchy |
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strategies for placing material in short-term memory retain in STM (repetition) |
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The five senses
Environmental scanning – - Constant
- Recorded as is
- Visual / auditory
- 3 second window- 3 seconds to focus on it and get into memory or else it is gone.
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| moving a subject toward a desired response by the granting and withdrawing of rewards |
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