Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Semester ONE Exam Review
N/A
51
Psychology
12th Grade
01/06/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1.1 Human Ethics Rules
The six ethics rules for human research are...
Definition
Informed Consent; deception; debriefing; withdrawal; confidentiality; protection from mental/physical harm
Term
1.2 Animal Ethics Rules
Three ethics rules when working with animals are...
Definition
minimize stress/suffering; consider other options to animals; minimize the number of animals
Term
1.3 Four Debates in Psychology
The four major debates in Psychology are...
Definition
nature/nurture; reductionism/holism; freewill/determinism; idiographic/nomothetic
Term
1.4 Reactivity
Reactivity Is... and the five most common versions are...
Definition
1.4 " a phenonemon that occurs when individuals alter their performance of behavior due to the awareness that they are being observed;

 

Hawthorne Effect, John Henry effect, experimenter effect, Pygmalion effect, subject-expectancy effect

Term
2.0 There are two kinds of methodologies for psychological research...
Definition
2.0 Quantitative And Qualitative.
Term
2.1 Psychology is the scientific study of ...
Definition
2.1mental processes and behavior and how these are affected by internal processes and the environment.
Term
2.0.1 The three building blocks of psychological science are...
Definition
2.0.1 Theories, empirical studies, Critical Thinking
Term
2.0.1a Science components
The three components of a science are...
Definition
2.0.1a subject matter, goodtheories and hypothesis, scientific methodology
Term
2.0.1b Theory Requirements
All theories have three things...
Definition
2.0.1b Understanding, Prediction, Control
Term
2.0.1c Peer Review
The three levels of peer review are...
Definition
2.0.1c Author, Editors, Reviewers
Term
2.0.1d When and Where should Psychologists investigate?
Definition

2.0.1d WHEN: cross-sectional and longitudinal

WHERE: Cross Cultural

Term
2.0.1e Triangulation
The 6 types of triangulation are....
Definition
2.0.1e method, time, observer, theory, space, combo
Term
2.0.1f Triangulation Advantages
THe four advantages of triangulations are...
Definition
2.0.1f reduces experimenter bias, better causation models of behavior, reduces method-bound theories, reduces culture-bound theories
Term
2.0.1g Complementarity
Complementarity in psychology means...
Definition
2.0.1g each level of analysis works with the others to come to solid understanding of human behavior
Term
2.0.1h Empiricism
Empirical research is...
Definition
2.0.1h a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct observation or experience
Term
2.0.1i Inductive reasoning v deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning works... while inductive reasoning works...
Definition
2.0.1i from the more genera to the more specific; the other way, from specific to general
Term
2.0.2 All psychological research should have ...
Definition
2.0.2 a purpose(aim), step-by-step process(procedure), and interpretation of collected data(findings).
Term
2.0.2a variable investigations
The three methods of investigation variables are
Definition
2.0.2a experimentation, correlation, non-numerical data research
Term
2.0.2b THe scientific method
tHE SCIENTIFic method is...
Definition
2.0.2b within a paradigm, hypothesis, are derived from theories to be tested in scientific ways, against te world/reality, to support the refute those theories
Term
2.0.2c Data recording
The five data recording techniques are...
Definition
2.0.2c" behavior sampling at time event or single data point; data recording techniques such as frequency grids or rating sacales; Data recording equipment; Quantitative content anlysis; Qualitative content analysis"
Term
2.02d- Hypothesis predictions
A hypothesis should be... and a hypothesis can be...
Definition

2.0.2d

"Bold , precise and refutable; and experimental hypothesis or a correlational hypothesis"

Term
2.0.2e-Two-tailed hypothesisvs on-tailed hypothesis
While a two-tailed hypothesis... a one tailed hypothesis...
Definition

2.0.2e

Simply predicts an effect (difference or correlation); predicts a particular direction in the effect (causation, or positive ccorrelation)

Term
2.0.2f Sampling Types
The four types of sampling are...
Definition

2.0.2f

Random, stratified, opportunity, volunterr 

Term
2.0.2g- Representative Sampling
A representative sample is...
Definition

2.0.2g

A sample that is similar to the population from which it was derived with respect to essential characteristics, allowing researchers to generalize the results obtained witht he sample to the population

Term
2.1 Quantitative Methodology
Quantitative research is...
Definition

2.1

research focusing on analysis of numerical data

Term
2.1.1 Experiment Overvidw
An experiment requires...
Definition

2.1.1

a causal relationship

Term
2.1.1a Experimental Methods
The four kinds of experiemts are...
Definition

2.1.1a

"Lab, field, natural, quasi"

Term
2.1.1b Experimenta Design
Psychological use their subjects in three designs...
Definition

2.1.1b

Repeated measures, independent measures, matched pairs (Between groups)

Term
2.1.2 Quasi -Experiment Overview
A subtype of experiment called quasi-experiment occurs when...
Definition

2.1.2

random selection is removed and groups are chosen

Term
2.2 Qualitative Methodology
Qualitative research is...
Definition

2.2

research focusin on analysis of non-numerical data

Term
2.2.1- Observation Overview
Observations are...
Definition

2.2.1

Data-collection methods which aim to descrive behavior in an objective way

Term
2.2.1a Observation definition
Observations are.. " the precise measurement of naturall
Definition

2.2.1a

occuring behavior in an objective way

Term
2.2.1b Types of observation
The three types of observations are...
Definition

2.2.1b

naturalistic, controlled, participant

Term
2.2. Interview, Surveey & Questionnaire Ovberview
Inte2rviews are... while Questionnaires need to be...
Definition

2.2.2

socail interaction designed to gather data; able to collect large amounts of data from many people

Term
2.2.2a Interview definition
All interviews include...
Definition

2.2.2a

direct verbal questioning of the subject by the researcher

Term
2.2.2b Kinds of interviews
The four kinds of interviews are...
Definition

2.2.2b

Structured, unstructured, semi-structred, clinical

 

Term
2.2.2c Questionnaire definition
Questionnaires are...
Definition

2.2.2c

written methods of gaining data from subjects that do not necessarily require the presense of a researcher

Term
2.2.2d Types of questionnaire
The two types of questionnaires are...
Definition

2.2.2d

Opinion surveys and psychological tools

Term
2.2.3 Case Study overview
In a case study...
Definition

2.2.3

psycholoists study one or more individuals in great depth in the hope of revealing things true of us all

Term
2.2.4 Comparison StudiesOverview
Correlation Means...
Definition

2.2.4

to show a link between two types of data

Term
2.2.4a Positive v Negative correlation
A positive Correlations occurs... whilea negative correlations occurs...
Definition

2.2.4a

 when one variable increases as another variable increases; when one variable increases as another variable decreases.

Term
2.2.5 Unobtrusive measures
Unobtrusive measurea are... and the strength and weaknesses are...
Definition
2.2.5
measures that don't require the researcher to intrude in the research context, which reduces the baises that result from the intrustion of the researcher/measurement instrument , but reduces the degree the researcher has control over the type of data collected.
Term
2.3 Data analysis in research
BLANK and BLANK are essential to replicable scientific research and the two ways to express data are BLANK
Definition

2.3

Reliability, Validity, Descriptive and inferentails statistics

Term
2.3.1 Reliability
INternal reliability is... while External reliability is...
Definition

2.3.1

" how consistantly a method mesures within itself;... how consistanly a method measures over time when repeated.

Term
2.3.2 Validity
Internal validity is... whiole external validity is...
Definition
2.3.2 Whether a study's results were really due to the variable; whether the results can be generalized if conducted in different environments/participants
Term
2.3.3 Types of Validitiy
The five finds of Validity are...
Definition
2.3.3 Face/content, construct, concurrent, predictive, ecological
Term
2.3.4 Levels of Data
The four levels of data are...
Definition
2.3.4 Nominal, ordinal, ratio, interval
Term
2.3.5 Descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics are split into measures of central tendency such as... and measues of dispersion such as...
Definition
2.3.5 mean median mode' range, semi-interquartile range, standard deviation
Term
2.3.6 Graphs of Descriptive statistics
The 6 types of graphs for descriptive data are...
Definition
2.3.6 pie chart, histogram, frequency polygon, bar chart, scattergrams, normal distribution
Term
2.3.7 Inferential Statistics
Significance is... and the results need to be...
Definition
2.3.7 that there is a low probability that chance factors were responsible for an out come.... probability is < 0.05
Term
2.3.7 Inferential Statistics
Significance is... and the results need to be...
Definition
2.3.7 that there is a low probability that chance factors were responsible for an out come.... probability is < 0.05
Supporting users have an ad free experience!