Woman from Willendorf

Paleolithic

perhaps pregnant woman's view of own body

originally Venus of Willendorf

Austria

Woman from Brassempouy

Paleolithic

abstract

memory image

Hall of Bulls

Paleolithic

Lascaux Cave, France

Stonehenge

Neolithic

complex

made by human compass

Center of 5 sandstone trilithons

Votive Statue of Gudea

Neo-Sumerian

made of diorite

Nanna Ziggurat

Neo-Sumerian

dedicated to moon god Nanna (Sin)

Human-Headed Winged Lion (Lamassu)

Assyrian

Stele of Naram-Sin

Akkadian

shows religious and political authority

military battle

hieratic scaling

horned helmet

Stele of Hammurabi

Babylonian

political and religious authority

Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions

Assyrian

shift from timeless solemnity to dramatic

Assurbanipal and Queen in Garden

Assyrian

Citadel and Palace Complex of Sargon II

Assyrian

includes palace complex on raised platform

courtyard lined with narative relief panels

lamassu at entrances

Ishtar Gate

Neo-Babylonian

glazed brick

Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute

Persian

relief on starcase leading to Apadana of Darius and Xerxes in Persepolis/Parsa

Palette of King Narmer

Predynastic Period

composite pose

wears both white crown of Upper Egypt and red crown of Lower Egypt

Menkaure and a Queen

Old Kingdom

unfinished, perhaps because death

Head of Senusret III

Middle Kingdom

shows as preoccupied and tired, not perfect

Temple of Hatshepsut

New Kingdom

axial plan

Akhenaten and Family

New Kingdom

Amarna Style

deviates from conventions with elongated shaved heads, etc

fidgety children and loving parents rather than detatched serenity

Colossol Figure of Akhenaten

New Kingdom

Amarna Style

androgynous

Queen Tiy

New Kingdom

Amarna Style

Akhenaten's mother

included silver funerary headdress with gold cobras and jowelry but covered in cap later

Temple of Ramses II

New Kingdom

Palace at Knossos, Crete

Minoan Old Palace Period

Bull Leaping, Knossos

Minoan New Palace Period

Girl Gathering Saffron Crocus Flowers

Minoan New Palace Period

Bull's Head Rhyton

Minoan New Palace Period

Vapheio Cup

Mycenaean

Funerary Krater

Geometric

Metropolitan Kouros

Archaic

Peplos Kore

Archaic

Suicide of Ajax

Exekias

Archaic

Spear Bearer

Polykleitos

Early Classical

Apollo Battling Lapiths and Centaurs

Early Classical

Parthenon

High Classical

Erechtheion (south porch with maidens)

High Classical

Nike Adjusting Her Sandal, Temple of Athena Nike

High Classical

Stele of Hegeso

High Classical

Hermes and Infant Dionysos

Prasiteles

Late Classical

The Man Scraping Himself

Lysippos

Late Classical

Dying Gallic Trumpeter

Hellenitic

Athena Attacking Giants (Pergamon frieze)

Hellenistic

Laocoon and Sons

Hellenistic

Nike of Samothrace

Hellenistic

Apollo

Master Sculptor Vulca?

Etruscan

made of Terra Cotta

placed on roof of temple

Reclining Couple on Sarcophagus, Cerveteri Sarcophagus

Etruscan

Portrait Head of an Elder

Republican

PeristyleGarden, House of Vettii Pompeii

Early Empire

 Imperial Procession (Ara Pacis)

Early Empire

Wall Painting in the Ixion Room, House of the Vettii, Pompeii

Early Empire

Allegory of Pax (Ara Pacis)

Early Empire

Arch of Titus

Early Empire

Spoils from Temple of Solomon (Arch of Titus)

Early Empire

Basilica Ulpia

High Imperial

architect Apollodorusof Damascus

in courtyard of Trajan's Forum

nave flanked by double rows of columns

clerestory

2 apses where judges resided during court

Column of Trajan

High Imperial

celebrates Trajan's victory over Dacians

The Canal (Reflecting Pool) at Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli

High Imperial

includes copies of the caryatids of Erechtion

Pantheon

High Imperial

temple to all Olympian gods

built under Hadrian

coffers, oculus and exedrae for interior decoration 

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

High Imperial

saved bc thought to be Constantine during Middle Ages

Commodus as Achilles

High Imperial

Commodus

High Imperial

Caracalla

Late Empire

Philip the Arab

Late Empire

Tetrarchs

Late Empire

Arch of Constantine

Late Empire

celebrates Constantine's victory over Masentius for rule of the Western Empire

pieces from previous works used

Constantine the Great

Late Empire

in Basilica Nova

power, dignity and perfection

government ruled by a small number of aristocrats

ie. The Roman Republic

"rule of four"

form of government where area divided into four quarters

2 Augustuses and 2 Caesars

came to Italy from Europe around 1000BCE

est. a culture

before the Etruscans

450 yrs

700-250 BCE

joyful and lively

believed in a happy afterlife

view of death became fearful and uncertain in later times

Greek temple:

made of stone and/or marble

Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian order columns

stereobate

larger interior space

Etruscan temple:

made of tufa, mud-brick, and wood

Tuscan order columns

single set of stairs

porch and interior space even sized

both have well-developed bodies and the archaic smile

Apollo

covered in rippling robe

forward moving, dynamic pose

Anavysos Kouros

nude

rigid, unmoving pose

"Head of a Man"

known as "Brutus"

Etruscan

showed maled features that would later be revered by Romans: seriousness, strength of character, and wisdom

Greek temple:

stereobate

post-and-lintel columns all around temple

guests invited to explore whole temple

Roman temple:

single set of stairs

includes engaged columns

focus on interior space

Greek gods, myths and belief in state religion

deified emperors

official religion a political duty

many Romans adopted "mystery religions" of the people they conquered (worship of Isis from Egypt, Judasm and Christianity, Cybele from Anatolia, etc) despite government efforts to suppress them

Keystone?

Voussoir?

Impost?

Peir?

Spandrel?

Extrados?

Intrados?

Tuscan order:

Conice?

Frieze?

Architrave?

Entablature?

Porta Augusta

Etruscan

Pompey the Great

Republican

Aulus Metellus

Republican

Pont du Gard

Nimes, France

Republican

Temple (of Portunus?)

Republican

near Tiber river in Rome- place where Romulus and Remus were abandoned

Augustus of Primaporta

Early Empire

Ara Pacis Augustae

aka. Altar of Augustan Peace

Early Empire

"our sea"

refers to Mediterranean

Gemma Augustea

Early Empire

onyx cameo

Augustus as Jupiter, eagle

Livia as personification of Rome

glorifies Augustus' triumph over barbarians

Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus, Pompeii

Early Empire

shows initiation rites that occured in private homes, special buildings, and temples

background of"Pompeian Red"

in Villa of the Mysteries

Flavian Amphitheater

aka Colosseum

Early Empire

1st century CE

called an arena because "arena" in Latin is sand and floors were covered in sand to mask blood

Young Flavian Woman

Early Empire

Middle Aged Flavian Woman

Early Empire

Main Hall, Trajan's Market

High Imperial

Commodus as Hercules

High Imperial

Commodus was egotistical

believed himself to be incarnations of Hercules and Jupiter

Sarcophagus with the Indian Triumph of Dionysus

High Imperial

Emperor of Roman High Imperial period

Spanish-born Roman general

empire reached greated territorial expanse during rule

Trajan's forum with market and Basilica Ulpia

column of Trajan

well-educated and widely traveled High Imperial emperor

imposed far-reaching social, governmental and military reforms

Pantheon

Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli

Trajan portrayed as a strong, stable and efficient commander of a competent army

Enemies shown as worthy opponents, but were still defeated

Egotistical High Imperial ruler

son of Marcus Aurelius

no political, administrative or intellectual skill

ruined the government his predecessors had built

sponsored great art

Baths of Caracalla 

Late Empire

Audience Hall of Constantine Chlorus

aka "The Basilica"

Late Empire

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine

aka "Basilica Nova"

Late Empire

Priestess of Bacchus

Late Empire

diptych of Symmachus and Nicomachus

allowed religious freedom

issued by Constantine and Licinius

313CE

ended Christian persecution

simple type of megalith tomb

chamber formed of huge upright stones

Africa to

Asia to

Europe to 

Australia and the Americas

This piece of ocher was used as...

[image]

How were the painted hands created?

[image]

Cuneiform->Hieroglyphs

Ziggurats->Stepped Pyramid

Polytheism

Hieratic Scaling 

Use of registers

Use of symbols to represent other things or ideas

flat, one-story building with slanted walls erected above underground burial chamber

[image]

writer

Egyptian scribes wrote on papyrus with a reed brush

ideal system used in Middle Kingdom pictoral relief

grid was used to create exact proportions

semi-public courtyard surrounded by columns 

open to sky

changed name to Akhenaten

founded new religion honoring Aten as single supreme god 

Abandoned Thebes and set up new capital called Akhetaten

did so bc thought priests for Amun temples in Thebes becoming too powerful

Amarna period

changed royal artistic conventions

maried to beautiful Nefertiti

originally Tutankhaten

son of Akhenaten

returned Egypt to traditional religious beliefs and moved back to Thebes

well-preserved tomb and body give better insight into Egyptian funerary practices

Powerful leader

great architecture

peace treaty with Hittites

main wife was Nefertari

god of writing

sypically shown as an ibis

god of chaos

disguised himself as a hippo

plan of greek cities

grid plan