Term
| all organisms on your campus make up |
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Definition
a community
(includes all organisms, excludes physical environment) |
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Term
| what is the correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal? |
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Definition
| nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nervous cell |
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Term
| what is not an observation or inference on which darwin's theory of natural selection is based? |
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Definition
| poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring |
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Term
| systems biology is mainly an attempt to? |
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Definition
| construct models of the behavior of entire biological systems |
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Term
| protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because? |
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Definition
| protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack |
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Term
| Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms? |
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Definition
| the structure and function of DNA |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of qualitative data? |
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Definition
| The fish swam in a zig-zag motion |
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Term
| what describes the logic of hypothesis based science? |
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Definition
| if my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results |
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Term
| a controlled experement is one that |
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Definition
| may include experimental groups and control groups tested in parallel. |
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Term
| Which statement best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science? |
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Definition
| Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power |
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Term
| In the term trace element, the modifier trace means |
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Definition
| the element is required in very small amounts |
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Term
| Compared to 31P, the radioactive isotope 32P has |
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Definition
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Term
| The reactivity of an atom arises from |
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Definition
| the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. |
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Term
| what list represents the 18O isotope of oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of hydrogen sulfide? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions |
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Definition
| the atom has more electron than protons |
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Term
| what coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the product? C6H12O6-> __ C2H6O + __ CO2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium? |
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Definition
| The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction |
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Term
| Each element is unique and different from other elements because of the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. Which of the following indicates the number protons in an atoms. Which of the following indicates the number of protons in an atom's nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The mass number of an element can be easily approximated by adding together the number of ___ in an atom of that element |
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Definition
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Term
| many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature? |
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Definition
| the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds |
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Term
| a slice of pizza is 500kcal. if we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in temp of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following is a hydrophobic material? |
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Definition
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Term
| we can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their |
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Definition
| molecules (6.02 in a mole) |
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Term
| how many grams of acidic acid would you use to make 10L of a 0.1 M aqueous solution of acetic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. what is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake? |
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Definition
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Term
| which action could produce a carbonyl group? |
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Definition
| the replacement of the OH of a carboxyl with hydrogen |
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Term
| which chemical group is most responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base? |
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Definition
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Term
| which term includes all others in the list? |
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Definition
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Term
| the molecular formula for glucose is C-6 H-12 O-6. what would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together be dehydration reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| the enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the alpha form. which of the following could amylase break down? |
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Definition
| glycogen, starch, amylopectin |
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Term
| which statement conserning unsaturated fats is true? |
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Definition
| have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids |
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Term
| the structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. what would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes? |
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Definition
| the double helix would separate |
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Term
| which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes? |
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Definition
| Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins. |
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Term
| which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? |
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Definition
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Term
Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway?
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Definition
| ER→Golgi→vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane |
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Term
| Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
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Definition
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Term
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
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Definition
| phagocytic white blood cell |
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Term
Which structure-function pair is mismatched?
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Definition
| microtubule; muscle contraction |
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Term
Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the
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Definition
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Term
| in what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary? |
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Definition
| Certain proteins are unique to each membrane |
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Term
| according to the fluid mosaic model of the membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly |
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Definition
| embedded in the lipid bilayer |
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Term
| which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity? |
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Definition
| unsaturated phospholipids |
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Term
| choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: catabolism is to anabolism as ___ is to ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because |
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Definition
| temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell. |
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Term
| if an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to |
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Definition
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Term
| if an enzyme is added to a solution where its subratrate and product are in equilibrium, what would occur? |
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Definition
| Nothing; the reaction would stay at equilibrium |
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Term
| some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because? |
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Definition
| they are able to maintain an internal temp. much cooler than that of the surrounding water |
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Term
| the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the |
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Definition
| H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase. |
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Term
| which metabolic pathway is familiar both to fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| in mitochondrion, exergonic redox reactions |
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Definition
| provide the energy to establish the proton gradient |
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Term
| the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is |
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Definition
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Term
| when electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occur? |
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Definition
| The pH of the matrix increases. |
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Term
| cells do not catabolize carbon dioxide because |
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Definition
| CO2 is already completely oxidized. |
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Term
which of the following is a true distinction between fermentation and cellular respiration?
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Definition
| NADH is oxidized by the electron transport chain in respiration only. |
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Term
| most CO2 during catabolism is released during |
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Definition
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Term
| the light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| in mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to |
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Definition
| oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration |
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Term
| how is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants? |
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Definition
| In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially |
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Term
| which process is the most directly driven by light energy? |
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Definition
| removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules |
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Term
| which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? |
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Definition
| autotrophs, but not heterotrophs can nourish themselves beginnning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic. |
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Term
| which of the following doesn't occur during the Calvin cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because |
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Definition
| they amplify the original signal |
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Term
| binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in the distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases is characterized by |
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Definition
| dimerization and phosphorylation. |
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Term
which observation suggested to sutherland the involvement of a second messenger in epinephrine's effect on liver cells?
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Definition
| Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells |
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Term
| lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as testosterone, cross the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because |
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Definition
| intracellular receptors are present only in target cells. |
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Term
| apoptosis involves all but the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of microtubules, its effectiveness must be related to |
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Definition
| disruption of mitotic spindle formation. |
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Term
| the decline in MPF actively at the end of mitosis is due to |
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Definition
| decline in synthesis of cyclin |
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Term
| in the cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. this will result in |
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Definition
| cells with more than one nucleus |
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