Term
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Definition
| an individual’s overall beliefs about his or her own attributes |
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Term
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Definition
| individual’s evaluation of his or her own worth |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of predicting the impact of both positive and negative events on mood |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that our self-concept is influenced by the gap between how we actually see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves |
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Term
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Definition
| when people focus on their own behaviour, they are motivated to either change their behaviour (so their attitudes and behaviour are in line) or escape from self-awareness ( to avoid noticing this contradiction) |
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Term
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Definition
| look to our own behaviour to determine our attitudes and beliefs |
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Term
| Facial feedback hypothesis |
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Definition
| the hypothesis that changes in facial expression can lead to changes in emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| the pheonomenon in which receiving external rewards for a given behaviour can undermine the intrinsic motivation for engaging in this behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that people evaluate their own abilities and attributes by comparing themselves to other people |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people share our opinions, attitudes, and behaviours |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to underestimate the extent to which other people are likely to share our positive attitudes and behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenomenon in which people see themselves as more likely than other people to experience good, events, and less likely than other people to experience bad events |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to see uncontrollable events as at least partially under our control |
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Term
| Basking in reflected glory |
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Definition
| associating with successful others to increase one’s feelings of self worth |
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Term
| Downward social comparison |
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Definition
| Comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we are on a given trait or ability to attempt to feel better about ourselves |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategy in which people create obstacles to success so that potential failure can be blamed on these external factors |
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Term
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Definition
| strategies that people use to create positive impressions of themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategy that focuses on making other people think you are competent or good in some way |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategy in which people try to make themselves likeable to someone else, often through flattery and praise |
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Term
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Definition
| the expectation that other people’s perception of oneself is consistent with one’s own perception of one self |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which one adjusts one’s self presentation in different situations |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to overestimate the extent to which one’s own appearance and behaviour are obvious to others |
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Term
| Independent self construal |
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Definition
| a conception of the self as autonomous and independent from others, and behaving primarily to express its own internal attributes |
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Term
| Interdependent self construal |
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Definition
| a conception of the self as connected to others, with its behaviour contingent on the values, thoughts, and preferences of others |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to view oneself in a positive light |
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Term
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Definition
| the error of assuming that relationships between variables at the group level are the same as relationships at the individual level |
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