1. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
2. Chills
3. Tachycardia
4. Headache
5. Generalized malaise (feeling of discomfort)
6. Irritability
7. Arthralgia, myaglia --> most likely endogenous
8. Anorexia
9. Disorientation, delirium

1. Febrile seizures
2. Dehydration
3. Mental status changes

ORS should be used if vomiting or diarrhea occurs

• Alleviate discomfort by reducing body temperature to normal
• Prevent complications associated with fever

1. Adequate Fluid Intake:

Children - increase by 1-2 oz per hour

Adult - increase by 2-3 oz per hour

2. Light clothing/covering

PROS

1. various sites - orally, rectally, auxillary
2. accurate reading
3. easy to use
4. fast results
5. low cost

CONS

1. slower results than tympanic
2. needs calibration
3. needs batteries

PROS

1. very accurate
2. faster than electronic thermometer

CONS

1. more costly compared to electronic
2. needs calibration
3. needs batteries

PROS

1. easy to use (just apply to skin)

CONS

1. less reliable in terms of results compared to electronic and tympanic thermometers
2. no number results (spectrum of colors indicating temp.)

PROS

1. gold standard for measuring temp
2. gives consistent estimate of temp
3. reliable

CONS

1. uncomfortable
2. some risks associated (perforation)
3. requires disinfecting before and after use

PROS

1. easier than other site

CONS

1. positioning must be in the correct position under the tongue

PROS

1. second best to rectal
2. shares same blood supply as hypothalamus

CONS

1. positioning can be difficult, especially in infants

1. patients > 6 months with rectal temp > 104
2. children <6 months with rectal temp > 101
3. symptoms of infection
4. risk for hyperthermia
5. impaired oxygen utilization (COPD, respiratory distress, congestive heart failure (CHF))
6. impaired immune functions (cancer, HIV)
7. CNS damage (head trauma, stroke)
8. children with history of seizures

1. episodic
2. frequent
3. chronic (15 days/month for 6 months)
4. associated with stress/muscle headaches

1. with/with out aura
2. need medical referral if they occur more often

• caused by using too many NSAIDs or anything that reduces pain (coffee, tea)
• make sure patient tapers off and does not quit abruptly

1. tension headaches
2. migraines
3. cluster headaches
4. rebound headaches

1. head trauma
2. vascular defects (infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, aneurysm)
3. substance abuse/withdrawal
4. bacterial/viral disease
5. disorders of craniofacial structures (sinus headache)

1. alleviate acute HA pain
2. restore normal functioning
3. prevent relapse
4. minimize side effects
5. reduce frequency of chronic HA

1. physical therapy emphasizing stretching/stengthening affected muscles
2. relaxation exercises
3. stress reduction

1. Nonprescription analgesics

1. maintain regular sleep schedule
2. nutritional strategies (avoid trigger foods, maintain regular eating patterns, avoid low blood glucose)
3. stress management
4. cold packs along with applied pressure

1. Nonprescription analgesics - take analgesic prior to event known to trigger HA (initiate NSAID 2 days before menstruation)

1. maintain upright posture to facilitate drainage

1. decongestants
2. nonprescription analgesics

1. taper/discontinue offending agent
2. limit use of nonprescription analgesic to < 3 days per week