Term
| What types of group tasks are there? |
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Definition
Planning - generate action plan
Creativity - generate new ideas
Intellective - solve a problem (correct solution
Decision-making - solve a problem (no inherently right answer)
Cognitive Conflict - attempt to resolve differences in viewpoint
Mixed-motive - underlying conflict of interest rewards
Contests/battles - compete as a unit against external opponent
Performance/psychomotor - use manual skills to bring desired results |
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Term
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Definition
| all members perform identical activities |
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Term
| What are three types of unitary tasks? |
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Definition
Conjunctive - performance of group is only as fast as the slowest member
Disjunctive - performance of group is dependent on strongest member
Additive - performance is sum of individuals |
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Term
| What are Divisible tasks? |
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Definition
| Members perform different activities |
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Term
| How does the Group Size affect unitary tasks? |
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Definition
Group size (disjunctive = bigger groups makes for more likely to have a stronger member, conjunctive = bigger groups makes for more likely to have a weaker member)
Additive tasks, size is not proportional to group strength |
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Term
| What are some factors affecting group performance (other than size)? |
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Definition
| Reward structure (cooperative vs competitive), communication structure (decentralized vs centralized) |
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Term
| What are three contrasting social processes? |
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Definition
| Competition (individual/group vs individual/group), Co-operation (group tasks), Parallel action (individual separate tasks) |
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Term
| What are the rewards, achievement, and interdepence of competition, co-operation, and parallel action? |
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Definition
Competition = exclusive reward, relative achievement, negative interdepence
Co-operation = shared reward, collective achievement, positive interdependence
Parallel action = unlimited reward, separate achievement, no interdependence |
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Term
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Definition
| The process whereby one group member influences and coordinate the behaviour of other members in pursuit of group goals |
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Term
| What are 2 types of leadership? |
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Definition
Transactional - task oriented, managerial leadership
Transformational - relational, co-operative leadership |
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Term
| What is the Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness? |
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Definition
| It is the Personal Factor of leadership style (Task/Relation orientation) vs. the Situational Factors (leader's relations with group members, degree of structure in group's task, leader's position of power in group) |
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Term
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Definition
| pressures for conformity and unanimity overwhelm members' motivation to appraise situations realistically |
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Term
| What is Group Polarization? |
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Definition
| Tendency for individuals to shift their opinions to a similar but more extreme position than the position with which they began |
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Term
| What are three competing notions of distributive justice? |
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Definition
Equality = rewards distributed equally regardless of contribution
Equity = Rewards distributed in proportion to contribution
Relative Needs = rewards distributed according to individual needs of members, regardless of contribution |
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Term
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Definition
P1 Outcomes P2 Outcomes
---------------- vs --------------
P1 Inputs P2 Inputs
Inputs/Outcomes don't have to be the same, but must be equal in ratio to have equity |
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Term
| What are some responses to inequity? |
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Definition
Responses to being under-rewarded
Responses to being over-rewarded - guilt
Other Responses (choose different comparison, withdraw from situation, perceptual distortion/bias) |
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