Term
6.1 Key principles of the SocioCultural LOA
The four key principles of the Sociocultural LOA are... |
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Definition
Humans are Social Animals and 'Need to Belong';
culture influences behavior;
humans are socail animals and have a social self;
people's world view is resisant to change |
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Term
6.1.1 – Humans are Social Animals and 'Need to
Belong'
all biological and cognitive systems are part of a
larger interrelationship with other individuals because... |
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Definition
6.1.1 –the relationship is bidirectional – the
individual affects the group and vice versa |
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Term
6.1.2 – culture influences behavior
"Culture, the _____ and _____ of society, influence
behavior. " |
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Definition
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Term
6.1.3 – humans are social animals and have a social
self
Humans have not only an individual identity... |
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Definition
6.1.3 –"but a social one as well, defined by the our membership in groups such as family, club or
nationality" |
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Term
6.1.4 – people's worldview is resistant to change
"Our understanding of how the world works and why, and the values that understanding creates..." |
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Definition
| 6.1.4 – is instilled by our culture and is hard to change. |
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Term
6.2 – Attribution theory
Attribution theory is... |
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Definition
| 6.2 – how people interpret and explain causal relationships in the social world. |
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Term
6.3 – Errors in attribution
The two most common errors in attribution are... |
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Definition
| 6.3 – the fundamental attribution error and the selfserving bias |
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Term
6.3.1 – Fundamental Attribution Theory
The fundamental attribution error is... |
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Definition
6.3.1 – when people overestimate the role of dispositional factors in an individual's behavior
while often underestimating its situational factors |
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Term
6.3.2 – Self Serving Bias
the Self-serving bias is... |
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Definition
6.3.2 – "when people take credit for success, claiming dispositional factors, and dissociate themselves from failure, claiming situational
factors" |
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Term
6.4 – Social Identity Theory
social identity theory assumes... |
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Definition
6.4 – that individuals strive to improve their selfimage
by trying to enhance their self-esteem. |
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Term
6.4.1 – Tajfel's Work
the cognitive process of social categorization.. |
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Definition
| 6.4.1 – leads to thinking of others as in-group or out-group |
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Term
6.4.2 – Cialdini's football study
Cialdini's football study showed how... |
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Definition
6.4.2 – Weighing the benefits of of in-group v. outgroup
(social comparison) can lead to choices that try to improve self-esteem |
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Term
6.5 – Social Representations
social representations are … |
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Definition
| 6.5 – the shared beliefs and explanations of a culture |
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Term
6.5.1 – Moscovici's theory
Moscovici believed that social representations led
to... |
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Definition
6.5.1 – the way in which we make sense of our world through communication and
naming/classifying things (social cognition) |
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Term
6.5.2 – Howarth's focus groups
Howarth's focus groups of British girls found that
social representation... |
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Definition
6.5.2 – can be the basis of stereotyping and can
contribute to social identity |
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Term
6.6 – Stereotyping
stereotyping is the... |
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Definition
6.6 – social perception of an individual in terms of
group membership and/or physical attributes. |
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Term
6.6.1 – stereotyping threat
a stereotype threat is when... |
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Definition
6.6.1 – a person in in a situation where they might
be judged or treated stereotypically OR are afraid of
doing something that might confirm a stereotype. |
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Term
6.6.2 – spotlight anxiety
one consequence of stereotype threat is... |
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Definition
6.6.2 – emotional distress and an undermined
performance (spotlight anxiety) |
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Term
6.6.3 – formation of stereotypes
While Tajfel thinks stereotypes are based in social
categorization.. |
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Definition
6.6.3 – two other theories are Campbell's Key
Sources theory and Hamilton & Gifford's illusory
correlation conclusion |
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Term
6.7 – Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory assumes that... |
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Definition
| 6.7 – people learn by watching models and imitating their behavior. |
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Term
6.7.1 – Bandura
Albert Bandura's SLT theory had four factors: |
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Definition
| 6.7.1 – "Attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation" |
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Term
6.7.2 – Yarrow
Altruism is best modeled... |
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Definition
| 6.7.2 – to kids by people they are already friendly with. |
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Term
6.7.3 – Applications of SLT
One area SLT has proven useful is... |
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Definition
| 6.7.3 – the correlational link between TV and both altruism and violence. |
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Term
6.7.4 – Evaluations of SLT
While SLT can explain some behavior acquisition... |
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Definition
| 6.7.4 – not all acquired behavior is observably demonstrated |
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Term
6.8 – Compliance
Compliance is... |
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Definition
| 6.8 –the result of direct pressure to respond to a request |
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Term
6.8.1 – Cialdini's compliance techniques
Cialdini's compliance techniques are based on six
factors: |
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Definition
6.8.1 –"Authority, Commitment, Liking,
Reciprocity, Scarcity, Social proof" |
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Term
6.9 – Conformity
Conformity is... |
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Definition
| 6.9 –"the tendency to adjust one's thoughts, fellings or behavior so that it is in agreement with a particular group, individual or social norm" |
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Term
6.9.1 – Asch
Asch's experiment shows that when confronted with
group agreement... |
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Definition
| 6.9.1 – people will change to adjust to the group's consensus |
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Term
6.9.2 – minority influence
Moscovici found that if group's minority holds firm
against conformity... |
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Definition
| 6.9.2 – the minority can influence the majority opinion |
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Term
6.9.3 – groupthink
Groupthink is... |
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Definition
| 6.9.3 – group members having a unanimous opinion on an issue without seeking alternative or dissenting opinions |
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Term
6.9.4 – why people conform
Two reasons people conform are... |
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Definition
| 6.9.4 – "Informational social influence including cognitive dissonance, and normative social influence" |
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Term
6.9.5 – cultural aspects of conformity
conformity is impacted... |
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Definition
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Term
6.10 – Cultural Norms
Culture is broken down into... |
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Definition
| 6.10 – "shallow culture (food, clothing, etc) and deep culture (beliefs, attitudes and values)" |
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Term
6.10.1 – Emics and Etics
Cross-cultural behavioral research looks for ___
while ___ is found by research on culture-specific
behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
6.10.2 – concept of norms
cultural norms are... |
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Definition
| 6.10.2 – behavior patterns that are typical of specific groups |
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Term
6.10.3 – dimensions of Cultural norms
Hoefstede's classic study looked at dimensions... |
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Definition
| 6.10.3 – a cultural component based on values and cultural norms. |
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