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Sedatives and Hypnotics
Roach Ch 21
14
Nursing
Not Applicable
08/26/2013

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Cards

Term
Sedative vs hypnotic
Definition
Sedative is relaxing, hypnotic induces sleep
Term
Action of barbituates
Definition
CNS depression, mood alternation from mild excitation to mild sedation, sleep, deep coma; respiratory depression similar to that occurs when sleeping
Term
Action of Benzodiazepines
Definition

Depress CNS

Inhibits GABA

Less respiratory supression

Term
Hypnotics
Definition

dexmedetomidine (Precedex)

eszopiclone (Lunesta)

ramelteon (Rozerem)

zaleplon (Sonata)

zolpidem (Ambien) - don't take with food

 

CNS depression

tolerance develops

Physical and phsychological addiction

Lower dose in elderly

 

 

Term
Hypnotic benzodiazpines
Definition

estazolam

flurazepam

quazepam

triazolam (Halcion)

Term
Adverse reactions to hypnotic benzodiazepines
Definition

headache

heartburn

nausea

palpitations

rash

somnolence

vomiting

weakness

body and joint pain

Term
General adverse reactions to nonbenzo hypnotics
Definition
headache, somnolence, dizziness, nausea, myalgia
Term
what are the two barbituates (listed in book)
Definition

penobarbital (Nembutal)

secobarbital (Seconal)

Term
What class of sedative/hypnotic is used for preop sedation? What are their side effects?
Definition

the barbituates, penobarbital and scobarbital

SEs: CNS and resp depression, N/V, C/D, bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, hypersensitivity reaction, headache

Term
Contraindications of sedatives/hypnotics
Definition
  • known hypersensitivity
  • coma
  • severe respiratory problems
  • hx drug/alcohol abuse
  • pregnancy, must teach not to become pregnant
  • lactation

 

Term
Pregnancy and sedatives/hypnotics
Definition

Benzos and barbituates are contraindicated

Benzos are cat X, baby will withdraw

Barbs are cat D

 

Nonbenzo hypnotics are cats B and C

Term
When are sedatives/hypnotics given cautiously
Definition

lactation

hepatic/renal impairment

habitual alcohol use

mental health problems

elderly and debilitated - more sensitive

Term
sedative/hypnotics interactions
Definition

All cause increased sedation:

antidepressants

opioids

antihistamines

phenothiazines (Thorazine) for psychosis

cimetidine

alcohol

Term
sedatives/hypnotics in elderly
Definition
can either oversedate or cause PARADOXICAL REACTION: excitement and confustion
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