- The formula for pressure:

P = F/A

- The formula for Pressure under water:

P =  ρ x g x h ( Pressure = Density x Gravitational field strength x Height )

- Use of a Barometer:

A barometer is used to measure the atmospheric pressure. At sea level, the weight of the atmosphere is usually able to push the mercury up the tube. 

What is the formula for Pressure?

A. P = F/A

B. P = A/F 

C. P = A x F

- Solids have a fixed shape/pattern and volume (lattice), they also have strong forces of attraction between the particles. 

- Liquids have a fixed volume but changed shape depending on its container, these particles have weaker forces of attraction between them. No fixed pattern/lattice.

- Gases have no fixed shape of volume, gases fill up their containers with almost no intermolecular forces between the particles as the particles are split far apart from each other. 

What state of matter has the strongest forces of attraction between the particles?

A. Solid

B. Liquid

C. Gas

- When solids, liquids, and gases expand when they are heated

- This causes the atoms in the solids, liquids or gases to vibrate vigorously causing them to become further apart, taking up the greater volume. 

- Thermal expansion is greatest in Gases, less in liquids and least in solids. 

Formulas: 

Thermal Capacity: E = mc Δ  θ ( temperature) 

Latent heat of fusion/vaporisation: L = E / M or E = M x L

What is the formula used for specific Latent heat of expansion/vaporizatoin? 

A. L = M / E

B. M = L x E

C. E = M x L