Term
| • Define discharge, and explain how it is calculated. |
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Definition
| Discharge: Water flow, Units: vol/time… cfs. Relates surface of water to discharge. |
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Term
| • Where do you find the highest/lowest velocities of water in a stream channel? |
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Definition
Highest Velocity in Stream Channel: Center of stream
Lowest Velocity in Stream Channel: Near banks/beds. Friction slows velocity |
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Term
| • Identify the following parts of a hydrograph: rising limb, recession limb, baseflow. |
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Definition
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Term
| • What is the source of baseflow in a stream? |
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Definition
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Term
| • Write a water balance equation. Where can water be stored in a watershed? |
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Definition
Water Balance: Any type of balance equation. Inputs – outputs = change in storage.
P – ET = Q (annual time scale)
P – ET – Q = Change in storage
Water can be Stored: Reservoir, snow, groundwater, lakes, ice, soil moisture. |
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Term
| • What is the difference between perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral streams? |
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Definition
Perennial: Flows year round (groundwater)
Intermittent: Flows occasionally
Ephemeral: Flows during/after storms (only) |
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Term
| • What factors favor HIGH erosion? |
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Definition
| High Erosion: Vegetation loss, steep slopes, high intensity rainfall (overland flow), easily transported particles |
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Term
| • What factors favor LOW erosion? |
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Definition
| Low Erosion: High vegetation, low rain intensity, gentle slopes…? |
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Term
| • What factors favor sediment transport? Sediment deposition? |
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Definition
Sediment Transport: Highest where there is a steep slope, easily transported sediments, high flow velocity.
Sediment Deposition: Favored with low slopes, low velocity, and hard to transport sediments. |
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Term
| • What can cause aggradation of a stream bed? Incision of a stream bed? |
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Definition
Aggradation of a Stream Bed: Increase in bed elevation, increased sediment load, decreased flow.
Incision of a Stream Bed: Decrease in bed elevation, decreased sediment, increased flow. |
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