Term
| Gastrointestinal System - List Function |
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Definition
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Provides the nutrients cells need for maintenance & growth, ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism & elimination. |
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Term
| What are the 6 Processes of the Gastrointestinal System |
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Definition
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1. Ingestion
2. Propulsion
3. Mechanical Digestion
4. Chemical Digestion
5. Absorption
6. Elimination |
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Term
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Definition
| Taking food into digestive tract via the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving food through the alimentary canal, includes swallowing, initiated voluntarily & peristalsis an involuntary movement. |
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Term
| MECHANICAL DIGESTION - Define |
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Definition
| Physically prepares food for chemical digestion by enzymes. Includes chewing, mixing foods with saliva by tongue, churning food in stomach & segmentation or rhythmic local restrictions of intestine. |
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Term
| CHEMICAL DIGESTION - Define |
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Definition
| Series of catabolic steps that break down large carbohydrates, lipid & protein molecules into usable molecules that can pass into the blood & lymph & then to body cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestion end product from lumen of GI Tract through mucosal cells by active / passive transport to blood / lymph |
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Term
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Definition
| Eliminate indigestible substance from body via anus in the form of faeces. |
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Term
| List Parts of Gastrointestinal System |
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Definition
1. Mount
2. Oesophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine / bowel
duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
5. Large Intestine / Bowel |
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Term
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Definition
1. Breaks up food particles
2. Assists with language / speaking |
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Term
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Definition
| Transports food from mouth once swallowed to the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Holds food while mixing it with enzymes that continue to break it down into a usable form.
2. Cells in stomach lining are responsible for breakdown process
3. Once processed, then releases contents into the small intestine. |
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Term
| SMALL INTESTINE - Function |
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Definition
* 3 Segments - Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
* Completes Digestion Process
* Duodenum - Continues food breakdown process
* Jejunum & Ileum - Absorb nutrients into the blood stream
* Contents start as semi-solid & end up liquid form.
* Water, bile, enzymes & mucous contribute to change in consistency.
* Once nutrients are absorbed, leftover liquid moves to large intestine / colon. |
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Term
| LARGE INTESTINE - Fuction |
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Definition
* 6 foot tubular structure
Reabsorbs some water & iron
* Forms & stores faeces
* Responsible for processing waste for easy disposal |
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Term
| Tissue Layers of Gastrointestinal System |
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Definition
[image]
* MUCOSA - Lines the cavity of the tract, mouth to bum, inner most layer
* SUBMUCOSA - thick layer of connective tissue - one layer of blood vessels / lymph
* MUSCULARIS - external, smooth muscle, allows activity / movement.
* SEROSA - Outermost layer - thin layer of fibre like tissue |
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Term
| What are the accessory organs of the Gastrointestinal System & where are they located? |
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Definition
[image]
1. Salivary Glands - Oral Cavity
2. Liver - Right side abdominal Cavity
3. Gall bladder - Behind Liver Right of Rib Cage
4. Pancreas - In the abdomin
4. Pancreas |
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Term
| List Mechanical functions involved in Digestion |
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Definition
4 x processes
1. Chewing / grinding food
2. Deglutition - swallowing
3. Peristalsis - smooth muscle contraction
4. Churning - mixng food |
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Term
| List Chemical functions involved in Digestion |
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Definition
| Catabolic reactions break down carbohydrates, lipid & protein molecules into usable molecules which can pass into blood & lymph & then to blood cells |
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Term
| Outline Physiology of defecation |
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Definition
Passing a stool / faeces through the anus.
*Elimination of faeces from the digestive tract.
* Peristalsis moves feces through the colon to the rectum, where they stimulate the urge to defecate. The rectum shortens, pushing the feces into the anal canal, where internal and external sphincters allow them to be passed or retained. Chest, abdominal, and pelvic muscles are used to pass them.
* Eliminating bodies waste material from the rectum & column |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates to simple sugars. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bitter, greenish liquid produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder that dissolves fats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Battered, moistened, and partially digested ball of food that passes from the mouth to the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen found in plants and used as a food by humans and other animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thick liquid of partially digested food passed from the stomach to the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and spark specific biochemical reactions |
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Term
| Gastric juice: Definition |
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Definition
| Digestive juice produced by the stomach wall that contains hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digestive enzyme that breaks down protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Wavelike motion of the digestive system that moves food through the system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large molecules that are essential to the structure and functioning of all living cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Finger like projections found in the small intestine that increase the absorption area of the intestine. |
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Term
| What is the function of the SALIVARY GLANDS? |
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Definition
Produce: Saliva & amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose.
Function: make saliva and help the bolus (soft mass of chewed food) go down the oesophagus easily. Saliva contains enzymes which help break down food to a form which the body can use.
It is to secrete saliva to help digestion. |
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Term
| What is the function of the STOMACH? |
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Definition
Produce: Gastric Juice
Function:
* Absorbs Vitamin D
* Secretes acid & digestive enzyme for protein
* churns mixes food with secretions
* sends chime to small intestine |
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Term
| What is the function of the LIVER? |
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Definition
Produces: BILE
Function:
* Major metabolic Organ
* Produces / Stores Nutrients
* Produces Bile for emulsion of fats |
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Term
| What is the function of PANCREAS? |
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Definition
Produces: Pancreatic Juice & Insulin
Function:
* Contains digestive enzyme & sends to small intestine
* Digests fats, protein & carbs
* Produces insulin & secretes it into blood after eating. |
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Term
| What is the function of SMALL INTESTINE? |
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Definition
Produces: Intestinal Juice
Function: *
Mixes Chyme with digestive enzymes for final breakdown
* Absorbs nutrient molecules into the body
* Secretes digestive hormones into the blood
* breaks sugars into simple sugars
* breaks proteins into amino acids |
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Term
True / False
The digestive tract is also called the alimentary canal? |
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Definition
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Term
True / False
The conversion of the mass of food to basic food materials is called mastication? |
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Definition
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Term
True / False
Enzymes act only on specific substances |
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Definition
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Term
True / False
The 3 functions of the digestive tract are ingestion, digestion & absorption? |
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Definition
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Term
True / False
Bolus is the term for the semi-liquid substance that has been mixed with gastric juices? |
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Definition
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Term
True / False
The stomach is lined with serous membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
True / False
Bile is made by the liver? |
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Definition
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Term
True / False
Bile helps in the digestion of protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the absorption of nutrients into the blood stream takes place in the large intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
True / False
The exocrine function of the pancreas is to produce digestive enzymes? |
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Definition
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Term
| A substance that aids or speeds up a chemical reaction is called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What covers the larynx to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the alternate relaxation & contraction of involuntary muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Guards the stomach opening? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Sphincter muscle at small & large intestine junction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the Caecum? |
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Definition
* Food breakdown
* Bacteria metabolises remaining nutrients into gases.
* Its function is to absorb water and salts from undigested food. It has a muscular wall that can knead the contents to speed up absorption. |
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Term
| What is the function of the ASCENDING / TRANSVERSE COLON? |
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Definition
* Vitamin storage
* Secretion of mucus |
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Term
| What is the function of the DECENDING COLON? |
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Definition
| Remaining water is reabsorbed. |
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Term
| What is the function of SIGMOID COLON? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the RECTUM? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the ANAL CANAL? |
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Definition
| Passage way used to pass Faeces. |
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Term
| What is the function of the ANUS? |
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Definition
| External opening of the Rectum. |
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