Term
| RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - Primary Function |
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Definition
* Supply the bodies tissues with Oxygen and & rid it of Carbon Dioxide.
* Exchange of gases such as oxygen & carbon dioxide in the lungs. Breathing or respiration allows this to occur. |
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Term
| HOW MANY STRUCTURES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXIST AND NAME THEM |
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Definition
[image]
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
NOSE, NASAL CAVITY, SINUS, PHARYNX - filters, warms & humidifies incoming air & protects lower respiratory tract, reabsorbs heat & water from outgoing air. Made of Cartilage & cilia.
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
LARYNX, TRACHEA, BROCHI, BROCHIOLES, AVEOLI - allows process of gas exchange to occur. Made of cartilage except alveoli which is made of squamous epithelium. |
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Term
| NOSE - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* composed of bones, cartilage, and fibro fatty tissues
* Smell & breathing
* Contains mucous which cleans & moistens air when inhaling & exhaling
* Has hairs to filter the air through |
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Term
| PHARYNX (Throat) - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* Membrane lined cavity posterior to the nose & mouth.
* Passageway for solid food
* Food passes the oropharynx and laryngopharynx on its way to the oesophagus.
* 3 regions of Pharynx - nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
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Term
| LARYNX (voice box) - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* Cartilaginous structure that surrounds & protects the glottis.
* Marks the beginning of the lower respiratory system & contains the vocal chords |
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Term
| TRACHEA (wind pipe) - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* Tough flexible tube (2.5cm)
* Branches L/R to form Primary Bronchi
* Assists in Coughing - Muscles contract & trachea gets smaller & increases resistance to airflow
* Muscles relax, trachea becomes larger in diameter & allows air to move along respiratory passageways easily. |
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Term
| BRONCHI - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* Thick layers of smooth muscle
* Involuntary contraction / relaxation of muscle alters bronchial diameter & resistance to airflow
* Extreme restriction of bronchial may occur during allergic reactions such as asthma
* R Lung - 3 lobes
* L Lung - 2 lobes |
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Term
| LUNGS - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* Shaped like blunt cone, tip extending to 1st Rib.
* Rests on diaphragm
* Hilum of each lung is a groove that allows passage of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, nerves & lymphatics
* The lungs are a pair of organs located in the chest cavity that perform respiration.
* A protective membrane.
* The area between the two lungs is called the mediastinum, which contains the heart, trachea, oesophagus and blood vessels.
* The lung is protected by the ribcage |
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Term
| ALVEOLI - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* Smooth muscle cells
* The alveoli are air sacs in the lungs. They are used to exchange oxygen and other gases that passes through the lungs. The alveoli contracts and expands when needed so that the lungs can properly function. |
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Term
| DIAPHRAGM - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* Sheet of internal muscle which extends across bottom of rib cage.
* Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
* Contraction/Extraction of diaphragm helps inhaling / exhaling air. |
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Term
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Definition
[image]
* Diaphragm
* External / Internal Intercostal,
* Scalenes /Sternocleidomastoids
* Abdominal Wall |
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Term
| PROCESSES OF RESPIRATION & DIFFERENCES |
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Definition
1. BREATHING
* Physical Voluntary process that can be controlled.
* Constant process in / out throughout day/night.
* Taking in oxygen & expelling carbon dioxide.
2. RESPIRATION
* Chemical involuntary action that can not be controlled.
* Body breaks down oxygen so the bodies cells can use it. |
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Term
| How does EXCHANGE OF GAS occur? |
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Definition
Breathing is an exchange of gases between cells & the external environment where as respiration is a process that takes place in the cells.
* Breathing has 2 stages, ventilation & gas exchange.
* Ventilation is movement of air in / out of lungs
* Gas exchange is absorption of oxygen from lungs and release of carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| What Structure controls RESPIRATION and where is it located? |
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Definition
| The medulla oblongata in the brain stem controls respiration, as well as circulation and digestion |
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Term
| What Major factors influence RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
OXYGEN - oxygen concentration of the blood is monitored by small sensory organs called aortic bodies, and low oxygen concentration causes respiration rate to increase. There is no respiratory response to high oxygen concentrations
* CARBON DIOXIDE - Too much carbon dioxide increases respiration rate, because each breath pulls in oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide. Too little carbon dioxide causes apnea, or a temporary cessation of breathing
* ACID - Acidity provides another mechanism for tracking carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, because carbon dioxide combines with water to form an acid
* EPINEPHRINE - Flight or Fright Response - adrenaline rush
* ACETYLCHOLINE - Rest & Digest - acetylcholine acts to constrict airways & slow respiration |
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Term
INSPIRED & EXPIRED AIR
Oxygen %
Carbon Dioxide % |
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Definition
INSPIRED EXPIRED
OXYGEN 21% 16%
CARBON DIOXIDE .04% 4% |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| No Oxygen supply, which leads to tissue death |
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Term
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Definition
Accumulation of Carbon Dixoxide in the blood
Acidosis - build up of CO2 causes Lactic acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally low amount of Carbon Dioxide in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Purpose positioning of the client to break secretions down & expel them. |
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Term
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Definition
| AVEOLI & then to Capillary |
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Term
| Carbon Dioxide is moved to? |
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Definition
| CAPILLARY & the to AVEOLI |
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Term
| PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM relationship to respiratory system |
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Definition
| Constricts to allow Inspriation |
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Term
| SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| Dialates to allow relaxation & Experation |
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Term
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Definition
Gel like substance surrounding lung
*Visceral Pleura - Covering lungs
*Parietal Pluera - Covers the surface of lungs |
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Term
| Process of Respiratory System |
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Definition
1. Branches of Pulmonary Artery bring deoxygenated blood from heart to the capillary networks around alveoli.
2. Gas exchange occurs (gas diffusion) - between air in alveoli & blood in surrounding capilliaries.
* RBC - donut shape
3. Branches of Pulmonary Vein collect oxygenated blood |
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Term
| Increased Volume - reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased Volume - reaction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Air In -
Contraction of Diaphragm & Intercostal muscles
Thoracic cavity expands
External air pulled in due to increased pulmonary pressure.
* Change is shape of thoracic cavity - adjust air take. |
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Term
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Definition
Exhale
Breath out - Muscles Relax |
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Term
| NON-RESPIRATORY Air Movements |
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Definition
* Cough
* Laughing
* Crying
* Yawm
* Hiccup |
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Term
| Explain Pulmonary Volumes & Capacities |
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Definition
* Tidal Volume - amount of air moved in/out of lungs during one cycle
* Inhalation - Av 500 ml
* 350ml - gas exchange
BEYOND TIDAL VOLUME
Inspired Reserve Volume - IRV (2100ml to 3200 ML)
Expired Reserve Volume - ERV (1200ml) |
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Term
| FACTORS OF REPIRATORY VOLUME |
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Definition
SIZE
SEX
AGE
PHYSICAL CONDITON |
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Term
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Definition
CONTROLLED BY Medulla Oblongata
Movement of Oxygen of where there is more oxygen to where there is less oxygen.
* High to low |
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Term
| CHEMICAL FACTORS EFFECTING RESPIRATION |
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Definition
INCREASE CO2 = INCREASE RESPIRATION
CHANGES IN CO2 - DIRECT EFFECT MEDULLA OBLONGATA
LEVEL OF O2 IN BLOOD IS MAIN RESPIRATORY INFLUENCE
12-18 NORMAL RATE IN ADULT |
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