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section 3 balls
ecology section 3 briske
37
Accounting
Pre-School
02/11/2014

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Term
Biomes
Definition
-groups of similar plant and animal communities
-Climate is a major determinate of biome distribution
-plant form and function are adapted to match the environment
-variation in soils and topography influence the local distribution of communities
Term
Physiognomy
Definition
general appearance of vegetation in a particular location
Term
Vertical stratification
Definition
vertical distribution of species in a community eg overstory vs understory plants
Term
Horizontal (spatial) distribution
Definition
horizontal distribution of species in a communtiy eg random, regular and clustered
Term
Plant growth forms
Definition
physical structure or forms of individual plants
Term
herbaceous
Definition
annual herbs eg blue bonnet
perennial herbs eg many grasses
Term
shrubs
Definition
drought decidious eg blue bonnet
evergreen eg yaupon
Term
trees
Definition
deciduous eg oak- lose leaves once a year
broadleaf evergreen eg magnolia
needleleaf evergreen eg pines
Term
succulents
Definition
stem succulents eg cacti
leaf succulents eg ice plants
Term
Community organization- Holistic Concept
Definition
-Communities are highly organized groups of interacting species
-Interdependent associations of species that form discrete groupings of species
-super-organism approach to vegetation
Term
Community organization- Individual Concept
Definition
-Communities vary continuously in space along environmental gradients
-species respond independent to environmental conditions
-continuum approach to vegetation
Term
Boreal coniferous forest (Taiga)
Abiotic
Definition
-Cold winter and short, mild summer.
-Low precipitation 400-3000 mm and low_____
-P/E ratio >2
-acid and infertile soil
Term
Boreal coniferous forest (taiga)
Biotic
Definition
-Low productive but active most of the year
-COntinuous litterfall; slow litter decomposition
-low species diversity
-little vertical stratification
Term
Timberline
Definition
-maximum elevation of tree distribution in mountain ranges (edge of alpine tundra)
-Decreases with increasing latitude
-Mean july temp of 10-13 C
Term
Vegetation at timberline
Definition
-Krummholz: "twisted wood" growth forms
-Tree islands: "cushion like" growth forms
-Flag trees: leaves only on leeward side of trunk
Term
Temperate forest: Eastern deciduous-Abiotic
Definition
-Warm summer; cool to cold winter
-Moderate precipitation (750-1500 mm) evenly distributed
-P/E ratio >1
-Fertile Soils
Term
Temperate forest: Eastern deciduous-Biotic
Definition
-Deciduous trees; active only 4-6 months
-litterfall seasonal and massive; rapid litter decompostition
-High turnover of nutrients
-well developed vertical canopy stratification
Term
Temperate rain forest-Abiotic
Definition
-Warm summer; cool to cold winter; maritime climate
-high precipitation (2500-4500 mm) evenly distributed
-P/E ratio >1
-Infertile soils
Term
Temperate rain forest- Biotic
Definition
-Needle leaf evergreen trees
-Active throughout year
-minimal vertical stratification
-largest trees on planet
-most southern of temperate rain forest
Term
Richness
Definition
total number of species in an area
Term
dominant species
Definition
large size or number relative to other species present
Term
density
Definition
number of individuals of a species per unit areas
Term
frequency
Definition
percentage of total samples in which a species occurs
Term
Tundra-Abiotic
Arctic tundra (high latitude)
Alpine tundra (high elevation)
Definition
-long cold winter-cool short summer
-short growing season
-low precipitation (100-600mm)
-P/E ratio 1.0-2.0
-permafrost; nutrient poor soil
Term
Tundra- Biotic
Definition
-Short vegetation <20cm
-low annual primary productivity
-low diversity
Term
Grassland-Abiotic
Definition
Annual precipitation 300-1000mm
-P/E ratio .2-.8
-Rolling to flat terrain
-High fertility soils
Term
Grassland-Biotic
Definition
-Perennial grassland vegetation
-adapted to fire and grazing
-forms "bread basket" of North America
Term
Desert-Abiotic
Definition
-Low annual precipitation <250 mm
-P/E ratio <.2
-High summer temps
-poorly developed soils
Term
Desert-Biotic
Definition
-Adapted to extreme drought
-multiple growth forms present
Term
4 desert associations in North America
Definition
Great Basin: Sage brush
Mojave: joshua tree, driest in N America, death valley
-Sonoran: saquero cactus
-Chihahuan: creosote brush-cold
-sagebrush steppe
Term
Herbaceous annuals
Definition
compact life cycle that survives drought as seed. eg desert blooms
Term
Wood perennials (shrubs)
Definition
drought deciduous and phreatophytes-rooted in water table
Term
Succulents (cacti)
Definition
efficient use of water; high absorption and low transpiration
Term
Tropical rainforest- Abiotic
Definition
-Limited climatic variation
-high annual precipitation(2000-4000 mm)evenly distribute
-Infertile acidic soils
-nutrients stored in live plants
Term
Tropical rainforest- Biotic
Definition
-High species diversity
-most productive biome
-Very large trees (40-60m)
-great vertical stratification
Term
Epiphytes
Definition
-plants that grow on other plants
-no roots in soil
-not parasites
Term
bromeliads
Definition
Are parasites
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