Term
Global warming
what is global warming? |
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Definition
Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil feuls. |
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Term
Carbon Dioxide
what is carbon dioxide composed of? |
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. |
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Term
Green house Effect
What is the effect of green house grasses? |
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Definition
| The result of green house gases is an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. |
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Term
Green house gases
What are green house gases and their effect? |
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Definition
| is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the earth. |
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Term
Mantle
What is a mantle and where is it located? |
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Definition
| The mantle is a rocky layer of earth located Between the crust and core. |
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Term
Crust
why is the crust so important and where is it located?
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Definition
| The crust is important because it is the layer that we live on. It is the first layer on planet earth. |
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Term
Inner and Outer core
where are they located and how are they different?
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Definition
The inner core is located directly in the middle of earth and the outer core is right outside. The inner core is solid the outer is liquid.
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Term
Asthenosphere
what is it and where is it located?
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Definition
| The asthenosphere is a portion of the upper layer of the mantle just below the lithosphere. |
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Term
Lithosphere
what is the lithosphere composed of? |
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Definition
| The lithosphere is the solid, rocky layer covering the entire surface of the planet, composed of the crust and the hard uppermost mantle. |
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Term
Convection current
What are convection currents and what can it transfer too?
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Definition
| convection is the concerted, collective movement of ensembles of molecules within fluids. transfers into heat. |
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Term
Alfred wegner
what was he know for? |
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Definition
| Alfred Lothar Wegener was a German polar researcher, geophysicist and meteorologist. During his lifetime he was primarily known for his achievements in meteorology and as a pioneer of polar research. |
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Term
Theory of continental drift
what is the theory and what prove to they have?
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Definition
| the theory is that all the continents were once together. They fit together, plant life, and also the same type of plants and rocks were found on different continents.Rocks that were formed at different places on the Earth's surRocks that were formed at different places on the Earth's surface have different magnetiface have different magnetizations. |
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Term
Convregent plate boundries
what are they and what do they cause?
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Definition
| a convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary (because of subduction), is an actively deforming region where two or more tectonic plates or fragments of lithosphere move toward one another and collide. As a result of pressure, friction, and plate material melting in the mantel, earthquakes and volcanoes. |
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Term
Divergent plate boudaries
what are they and what do they cause? |
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Definition
| divergent boundary is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continets initially produce rifts which produce rift valleys. |
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Term
Transform fault plate boundaries
what are they and what do they cause?
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Definition
| is a type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal in either direction. Furthermore, transform faults end abruptly and are connected on both ends to other faults, ridges, or subduction zones. |
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Term
Theory of plate teconics
what is the theory of plate tectonics and what is the evidence?
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Definition
| A scientific thoery that describes the large-scale motions of earths lithosphere The model builds on the concepts of continetal drift, developed during the first decades of the 20th century. The shapes of many continents are such that they look like they are separated pieces of a jig-saw puzzle,Many fossil comparisons along the edges of continents that look like they fit together suggest species similarities that would only make sense if the two continents were joined at some point in the past. There is a large amount of seismic, volcanic, and geothermal activity along the conjectured plate boundaries. |
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Term
Earthquakes
what causes earthquakes and where do most tak place?
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Definition
| An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continetal plates. |
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Term
Elastic rebound theory
what is the elastic rebound theory? |
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Definition
| The elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. |
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Term
Earthquake energy
where does earthquake energy come from? |
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Definition
| Most earthquakes in our region result directly or indirectly from the convergence of three tectonic plates. |
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Term
locating earthquakes
where are most earthquakes located |
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Definition
| Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continetal plates. |
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Term
Primary waves
what is a primary wave and how do you record it? |
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Definition
P-waves are a type of elastic wave called seismic wave in seismology, that can travel through a continuum. The continuum is made up of gases (assound waves), liquids, or solids, including the earth. P-waves could be produced by earthquake and recorded by seismograph.
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Term
Secondary waves
what do socondary waves do and how are they recorded? |
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Definition
S for secondary, comes from the fact that it is the second direct arrival on an earthquake seismogram. S-waves travel slower in rock. and are recorded by seismographs. |
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Term
Surface waves
where do surface waves accur? |
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Definition
a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media, usually two fluids with different densities. |
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Term
seismograms
what do seismograms measure? |
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Definition
A seismograph measures the vibrations made when earth layers "move", such as the waves of movement during an earthquake.
Frequency and amplitude of seismic waves.
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Term
epicenter
what is the epicenter |
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Definition
| The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. |
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Term
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Definition
| A point at which rays of light or other radiation converge or from which they appear to diverge, as after refraction or reflection in an optical system |
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Term
Mercalli scale
what does it measure and how? |
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Definition
| The Mercalli intensity scale is a seismic scale used for measuring the intensity of an earthquake. measures the energy released. |
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Term
richter scale
what does it measure and how? |
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Definition
| The Richter magnitude scale was developed to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during an earthquake.The scale is a base 10 logarithmic scale . The magnitude is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of waves measured by a seismograph to an arbitrary small amplitude. |
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Term
Earthquake hazards
what are some earthquake hazards? |
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Definition
| The first main earthquake hazard is the effect of ground shaking.The second main earthquake hazard is ground displacement, The third main hazard is floodingThe fourth main earthquake hazard is fire. |
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Term
vocanos
what are vocanos and where are most located?
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Definition
A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from the magma chamber below the surface. Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. |
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Term
Ring of fire
what is the ring of fire and where is it located? |
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Definition
| The ring of fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. |
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Term
positive/negative charges
when do two objects repel? when do the attrack? |
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Definition
| in order to attrack there has to be a positive and negative charge. If there is 2 positive or 2 negative they will not attrack. |
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Term
statically charges.
explain 3 ways a object can become statically charged. |
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Definition
| When an object loses or gains electron,and the gained charge has no ability or conductor through which it can pass,then it remains as static electricity on that object. |
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Term
conductors
what are good conductors? what are good insulators? |
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Definition
Metals are the best conductors.
Good conductors: gold, lead, copper, mercury, water, ...etc.
Good Insulators: Rubber, vinyl, wood, glass, plastics, ...etc. |
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Term
series and parallel circuits.
compare and contrast the 2 circuits. |
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Definition
| In a series circuit, the current through each of the components is the same, and the voltage across the circuit is the sum of the voltages across each component. In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each of the components is the same, and the total current is the sum of the currents through each component. |
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Term
Current
current is the rate at which charges move through a? |
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Definition
| Current is the rate at which charges move through a conductor. |
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Term
Ohm's law
what is Ohm's law? |
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Definition
| Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference |
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Term
series and parallel circuit
what happens if a light goes out? |
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Definition
| If a bulb goes out in a series circuit the whole thing goes out. If a bulb goes out in a parallel circuit the other bulbs will still be lit. |
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Term
Thermosphere
Which layer is the Thermosphere directly on top of? |
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Definition
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Term
Ionosphere
Name the three other "Sphere" that are within the Ionosphere. |
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Definition
Thermosphere, Mesophere, and Exosphere |
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Term
Water Cycle
Go through the Water Cycle, and explain each step.
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Definition
- Evaporation - Water is heated enough to turn into a gas, and rise.
- Condensation - Water from evaporated water forms clouds.
- Precipitation - The water is released, causing rain.
- Surface Runoff - The water comes back to the original source.
- Transpiration - The water lands on plants, and it is evaporated from them.
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Term
Forms of Precipitation
What kind of forms of Precipitation are there? |
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Definition
- Drizzle
- Rain
- Freezing Drizzle
- Freezing Rains
- Snow
- Ice pellets
- Hail
- Sleet
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Term
Humidity
What is humidity? |
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Definition
The amount of water vapor in the air. |
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Term
Dew Point
Why does Dew form? |
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Definition
The heat from the object and the moisture around it cause the dew to form. |
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Term
High Pressure
What causes High Pressure? |
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Definition
Downward motion through the Troposphere. |
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Term
Low Pressure
What happenens to air in a Low Presssure system? |
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Definition
The air rises and condenses, and forms precipitation. |
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Term
Low Pressure
What causes Low Pressure in weather?
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Definition
When airmass warms, either from being over a warm land or ocean surface, or from being warmed by condensation of water vapour in large rain or snow systems |
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Term
Isobars
What does an Isobar connect? |
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Definition
Places of equal atmospheric pressure. |
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Term
Isotherms
What does an Isotherm connect? |
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Definition
Places with equal temperature |
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Term
Four Main Types of Air Masses
What are the Four Main Types of Air Masses? |
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Definition
- Warm
- Cold
- Stationary
- Occluded Front
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Term
Warm Front
What happens in a Warm Front? |
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Definition
Warm air will slowly move towards and over the slower moving cold mass. This is a slow process so the warm mass will cool slowly and form nimbostratus clouds. |
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Term
Cold Front
How do Cold Fronts create large cloud bases? |
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Definition
Cold air will quickly move under the warm causing the warm air to cool and create a large cloud base. |
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Term
Stationary Front
What are the conditions in a Stationary Front?
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Definition
Like a warm front, with long soaking rains.- |
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Term
Stratus Clouds
What do Stratus Clouds look like? |
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Definition
Sheet like and layered. Like a blanket.
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Term
Cumulus Cloud
What does a Cumulus Cloud look like? What weather is associated with it? |
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Definition
White, fluffy, and flat bottom. You'd see it during a sunny day. |
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Term
Cirrus Clouds
What does a Cirrus Cloud look like? What type of weather is associated with it? |
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Definition
A Cirrus Cloud looks very thin, and wispy. It is associated with Thunderstorms. |
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Term
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Definition
Climate is the pattern of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, and other factors. It is the overall weather over a period of time. |
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Term
Weather
What is the difference between Weather and Climate?
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Definition
Weather is over a short period of time, while Climate is determined over a long period of time. |
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Term
3 Main Climate Zones of the World
Describe the 3 Main Climate Zones of the World
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Definition
- Polar
- Coldest. Usually has temp. below 0.
- Temperate
- Has most of the landmasses. Has moderate temperatres and rainfall all year.
- Tropical
- Has the warmest average, and gets the most rainfall between the 3
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Term
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Definition
Large area of the Earth that has animals, and plants, that adapt to it. |
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Term
Desert Biome
What does a Desert Biome look like? What animals live in it? |
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Definition
A Desert Biome is a very large flat land. There is little to no precipitation in a Desert Biome. The animals that live in a Desert Biome can be: Road Runners, Ostriches, Meerkats, Caracals, Lizards, Snakes, Black Widows, and many more. |
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Term
Forest Biomes
What animals live in the Forst Biome? What is the climate like? |
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Definition
Oragatans, Gorillas, Frogs, Toucans, and many more. Rainforests are typically humid. |
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Term
Tundra Biome
Where is the Grassland Tundra Biome located? What is the climate like? |
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Definition
It is located around the North and South poles. It is extremely cold climate, temperatures often reach about -50°F in the winter. |
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Term
Thunder Storm Ingredients
What are the basic ingredients in order to make a thunderstorm? |
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Definition
You need moisture, unstable air and a lift. Moisture from clouds and rain. Unstable air that is relatively warm and can rise rapidly and lift from fronts, sea breezes or mountains. |
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Term
Thunderstorm Life Stages
What are the three life stages of a thunderstorm? |
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Definition
- Developing
- Mature
- Disspiating
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Term
Single-Cell Thunderstorm
What is a Single Cell Thunderstorm?
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Definition
There is only one major source of warm, moist air and the storm ends quickly. This happens because it runs out of fuel. Most common in tropics, where the weather is warm and moist air abounds. Small ones occur almost everyday. |
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Term
Multi-Cell Thunderstorm
What is a Multi-Cell Thunderstorm
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Definition
This thunderstorm that has multiple cells. Each at a different stage in the life cycle. One major source is warm and moist air. These end quickly. |
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Term
Super Cell Thunderstorm
What is a Supercell Thunderstorm?
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Definition
In this storm the clouds actually break up through the troposhere. This storm has tremendous energy, it can turn into hurricanes and tornadoes. |
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Term
Squall Line
Describe a Squall Line |
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Definition
It is a narrow band of high winds and also storms. This is associated with a cold front. |
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Term
Lightning
What is Lightning 5 times hotter than? |
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Definition
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Term
Squall line
what is the squal line? |
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Definition
| A squall line is a line of thunderstorms that can form along or ahead of a cold front. |
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Term
thunder
how is thunder formed? |
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Definition
| The sudden increase in pressure and temperature from lightning produces rapid expansion of air surrounding and within a bolt of lightning. |
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Term
tornado
how are they formed, where do they most accur |
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Definition
| Most tornadoes form from thunderstorms. You need warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and cool, dry air from Canada. When these two air masses meet, they create instability in the atmosphere. A change in wind direction and an increase in wind speed with increasing height creates an invisible, horizontal spinning effect in the lower atmosphere. Rising air within the updraft tilts the rotating air from horizontal to vertical. An area of rotation, 2-6 miles wide, now extends through much of the storm. Most strong and violent tornadoes form within this area of strong rotation. |
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Term
fujita scale
what does this scale measure and how? |
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Definition
| is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. |
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Term
hurricane
how are hurrricanes formed, where do they most occur? |
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Definition
| Hurricanes only form over really warm ocean water of 80°F or warmer. The atmosphere (the air) must cool off very quickly the higher you go. Also, the wind must be blowing in the same direction and at the same speed to force air upward from the ocean surface. Winds flow outward above the storm allowing the air below to rise. By far most common in the pacific ocean, with the western pacific being most active. |
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Term
saffir-simpson scale
what does it measure? |
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Definition
| It measures the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms. |
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Term
saffir-simpson scale
what does the scale measure?
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Definition
| The Saffir-Simpson scale rates hurricanes from category 1 to category 5 bases on maximum sustained wind speed. |
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Term
Kinetic Energy
What type of energy is kinetic energy? |
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Definition
| Kinetic energy is the energy of movement or motion. |
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Term
Formula for Calculating Kinetic Energy
What is the formula for Kinetic Energy? |
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Definition
The formula for kinetic energy is 1/2 (m)(v) squared.
m = Mass
v = Velocity |
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Term
Potential Energy
What type of energy is Potential Energy? |
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Definition
| Potential Energy is the stored energy or energy of gravitional position. |
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Term
Formula for Calculating Potential Energy
What is the formula for calculating potential energy? |
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Definition
The formula for calculating potential energy is (m)(g)(h).
m = Mass
g = Gravity
h = Height |
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Term
Chemical Energy
What are some examples of chemical energy?
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Definition
Biomass
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Propane
Coal |
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Term
Mechanical Energy
To make mechanical energy, this does not need to be included and is included in some other energy sources. |
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Definition
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Term
Nuclear Energy
Where is the energy stored in nuclear energy? |
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Definition
| Energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom in nuclear energy. |
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Term
Electrical Energy
True or False:
Is lightning electrical energy? |
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Definition
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Term
Thermal Energy
True or False:
Running can create thermal energy. |
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Definition
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Term
Energy Transformation
What is the energy transformation when you ride your bike? |
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Definition
| Energy Transformation: Mechanical to Motion or Thermal (Heat) |
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Term
Law of Conservation Of Energy
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? |
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Definition
| The Law of Conservation of Energy is energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. |
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Term
Formation of Fossil Fuels
How are fossil fuels formed? |
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Definition
| Fossil Fuels are formed over millions of year and formed by old vegetation and animals overlapped by each other. |
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Term
Fossil Fuel Sources
What are the main sources for fossil fuels? |
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Definition
| Coal, Oil, and Natural Gas |
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Term
Fossil Fuels Primary Uses
What are fossil fuels primary uses? |
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Definition
| The primary uses for fossil fuels are used for factories, oil is made into gasoline for cars, and natural gas is used for heating. |
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Term
Coal
What are the stages of coal life? |
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Definition
| Peat, Lignite, Bituminous, and Anthracite. |
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Term
Alternative Energy
What are some examples of alternative energy sources? |
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Definition
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Geotherrmal Energy
Biomass
Tidal Energy
Hydroelectric Energy |
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Term
Solar Energy
What are some disadvantages of Solar Energy? |
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Definition
The amount of sunlight that arrives at the Earth's surface is not constant. It varies depending on location, time of day, time of year, and weather conditions.
Because the sun doesn't deliver that much energy to any one place at any one time, a large surface area is required to collect the energy at a useful rate.
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Term
Wind Energy
How is wind turned into electricity? |
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Definition
| Turbine are set up on plains and when the wind blows, it turns the wings which is converted into electricity. |
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Term
Geothermal Energy
Where is geothermal energy located? |
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Definition
| Geothermal energy is located in the Earth's core and the heat is used to heat homes through deep wells in the ground. |
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Term
Hydroelectric Energy
How does hydroelectric power used to generate energy?
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Definition
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Term
Biomass
When burned, what does biomass give off? |
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Definition
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Term
Tidal Energy
Where does tidal energy come from? |
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Definition
| Tidal energy comes from big amount of water in the ocean. |
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Term
Renewable Energy
Which renewable energy source is the most used? |
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Definition
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Term
Nonrenewable Energy
What are refineries and what do they do? |
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Definition
| Refineries are factories where they turn oil into gasoline for cars. |
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Term
Electrons
What charge are electrons? |
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Definition
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Term
Static Electricity
Is static electricity kinetic or potential energy? |
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Definition
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Term
Static Charge
What are the three causes of static discharge? |
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Definition
| Friction, Conduction, and Induction |
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Term
Conductors
What are the best types of conductors for electricity? |
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Definition
| Electrical Wiring or a Copper Wire |
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Term
Insulators
What is the best type of insulator for electricity? |
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Definition
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Term
Coulomb
What is the equation for a Coulomb? |
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Definition
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Term
Volt
What measures volts? |
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Definition
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Term
Resistance
What is Resistance? |
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Definition
| The opposition of the flow of a current. |
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Term
Current Electricity
What is the equation for Current ? |
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Definition
| Resistance x Voltage = Current |
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Term
Ohm's Law
What is the equation for Ohms? |
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Definition
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Term
Formula For Resistance
What is the Formula ?
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Definition
| Resistance = Voltage / Current |
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Term
Series Circuit
If something is disconnected, what happens? |
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Definition
| The whole circuit turns off. |
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Term
Parallel Circuit
What happens when something is disconnected? |
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Definition
| The whole circuit stays on. |
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Term
Formula for Current
If the Resistance is 4 and the voltage is 6, what is the current? |
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Definition
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