Term
| we say normally you have a heart beat around |
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Definition
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Term
| if you have a heart rate that os less than 60 then you have what we call ? |
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Definition
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Term
| if we have a heart beat that is greater than 100 some people refer this as |
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Definition
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Term
| heart rate * stroke volume= |
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Definition
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Term
| Represent the activation of the cardiac cycle from where else other than the sa node |
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Definition
| premature beats * Beats occurs normally in the SA node. |
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Term
| the beat should have occured yet. the most common. Pt can get this from drinking to much coffee or soda |
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Definition
| premature activation sa node** there not normally a big deal |
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Term
| when premature beats become more frequent. Ventricular rate greater than 120. This happens when your eyelid flutters |
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Definition
| ventricular tachycradia greater than 120 beats per a minute |
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Term
| not filling just shaking. when we shock the heart we are completley shutting down the coduction system ( defibriliation) it starts again because the heart tissue is unique. You can have brain dead and have a heart beat |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle quivering is also called |
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Definition
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Term
| happens occasionally. atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation true or false |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| delay for ventricles to fill before they contrast |
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Term
| a 300 atrial rate wont kill you in the next 3 mintues but a 300 ventricles rate will because you dont have any profession true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| this means blockage of the conduction systems. Most likely to be complication of a posterior mi rather than an anterior mi |
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Definition
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Term
| this happens is current from the sa node down to the av node delayed because of the width of the fibers out of the av node to the bundles and up into the ventricels |
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Definition
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Term
| all the conduction activity is getting throguh the av juntion but slower p-r interval is longer |
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Definition
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Term
| some impulses are getting through av node p-r interval is even longer than 1st degree |
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Definition
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Term
| none of the impulses from the atria are getting through the AV node atrial rate and ventricular rate arent synchinized at all |
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Definition
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Term
| On an EKG when you see RABbit ears this means |
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Definition
| when ventricles arent synchronized2 sets of QRS ventricles depolarizing separately |
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Term
| heart valves only let blood flow in what direction |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes heart valves to close |
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Definition
| pressure changes and they are very sensitive to pressure changes |
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Term
| disease valves can create two types of problems |
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Definition
1) regurgitation
2)stenosis |
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Term
| backwash/ back flow. up the chamber and then back down |
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Definition
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Term
| stiff the vlave is stiff hard to close. it is not going to close soon enough and it will impede blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
| 40% pf mitral valve reguritation is due to |
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Definition
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Term
| the protein misread in strep is on the |
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Definition
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Term
| permit a back flow of blood front left ventricle into left atrium as a result of incompete value closure can be chronic or acute |
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Definition
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Term
| very poorly tolerated because most stuff that we do to the atria acutely is poorly tolerated there isnt alot of muscle in the atria so atria will get bigger but since not alot of muscle it will get thin which contributes to a hole |
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Definition
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Term
| affects about 1% of the population |
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Definition
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Term
| when the chorade tendanse are too long which means they are to long to cause enough tension to close at a percise area |
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Definition
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Term
| about 25% of people wth mitral valve prolapse have anxiety disorders true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| when valve get sloppy what is one way we want to keep profusion going? |
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Definition
| give patients a shot of adrenaline |
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Term
| aortic vlave in this case that valve is stiff |
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Definition
| we going to obstruct blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta during systole. |
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Term
| in order to get ride of the extra blood the blood vessels have to |
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Definition
get bigger= hypertrophy
when the ventricle contracts the contraction time is prolonged
pt's will do ok until there is greater than 50% orifice reduction
when you can only get the valve open 40%. on the ekg the qrs will be wider and more pronounced during ventricular hypertrophy because there is more muscle there |
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Term
| more excessive. too mushc blood coming back into ventricle so ventricle gets bigger to compensate |
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Definition
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Term
| two areas of aortic regurgitation |
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Definition
refleux aorta into left ventricle
left venticle ventricle hypertrophies |
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Term
| 45% of people with this comes from rheumatic heart disease |
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Definition
| left ventricle Ventricle hypertrophies |
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Term
| stenosis is the most like problem with this valve |
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Definition
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Term
| this valve resricts blood flow from the right atrium into right ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| when you have a wider an teller p wave on the ekg this equals |
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Definition
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Term
| when there is a preload. increases with decreased contractility or when there os am excess of plasma volume |
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Definition
| this is known as a preload |
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Term
| increases in this can improve cardiac output to certain point, but as a preload continues to rise, it causes stretching of the myocardium that eventually can lead to dysfunction of the sacromers and decreased contractility |
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Definition
| mechanical dysfunction , LVEDV |
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Term
| increased after this load is most commonly as a result of increased peripheral vascular resistance such as that seen with hyertension. Although much less common it can also be the result of aortic valvular disease |
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Definition
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Term
| with increased pvr, there is reistance to ventricular emptying and more workload for the left ventricle which responds with hypertrophy of the myocardium |
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Definition
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Term
| compensatory response involves three things |
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Definition
increase adrenorgic
increase preload
increase hypertrophy |
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Term
| symptoms of heart failure |
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Definition
| dyspnea, cough, rales, liver,edema, fever |
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Term
| difficulty in breathing as aresult in heart failure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cracking or rattling sound in breathig associated with congestion in the lungs. reflex congesion in lungs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| not profusing and fluids leaking out into interstial spaces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| profusion of tissue because bp is very low |
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Definition
| decrease profusion from cardiac shock |
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Term
| cardiac output times total peripheral resistance is |
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Definition
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Term
| cant get blood back to lungs to blow off enough co2 |
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Definition
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Term
| when k goes up this contributes to |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the criteria for cardiogenic shock> |
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Definition
systolic pressure of less than 90
decrease blood flow to everything
urine less 20 ml/hr
vasocongestion
decrease mental function
cardiac index less 2.1 l/ min
left side heart |
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Term
| depending on how much muscle damage and where you are when this happens this mean mortality is high in cardiogenic shock true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| caused by something had has intitated atrophy in the middle layer the thickest layer of the artery leaving the two thinner layers the classis place for this to happen is aorta. |
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Definition
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Term
| There are two presentations of arterial aneurysms |
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Definition
fusiform- both sides of the vessel wall are affected
saccular- just one side of the vessel wall is affected |
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Term
| what is the most common blood vessel disease |
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Definition
| abdomonial aortic aneurysm- |
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Term
| no symtoms until it ruptures. there is a whole in the aorta. |
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Definition
| abdominal aortic aneurysm |
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Term
| veins are more than walled arteries. they have three tunic to them unless very small and then they are only made up of one layer. |
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Definition
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Term
| you have more of your total blood volume in veins. 70%. true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| you have more total volume of blood in veins opposed to arteries true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| relationship between thrombus ( a proces of blood clotting) and embolus( any substance that obstructs a blood vessel: fat blood air) q |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 things occuring stimutaneously |
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Definition
stais blood flow
endothelial
hypercoagulation |
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Term
| we are concerned with bc pill in some people it seems to accelerate ability to clot. cause endothelial injury, and it may or may not slow down blood flow. smoking may worsen this |
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Definition
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Term
| morphans disease is contributed to this |
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Definition
| venous disease ( genetic) tall lanky eye problems, incidence of aortic aneurysms |
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Term
| can be super ficial but it can invole some of the deeper veins. typically tou see this in the veins of the upper and lower extremeities the most common reasons in arms is patients who were given extremly acidic or hypertonic iv soultion in legs it is sometimes trauma to the legs but more common is you have varicose veins |
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Definition
| superficial thrombophlebitis |
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Term
| bigger deal. mostly lower extememities and mostly in veins around cal. popalutieal vein, ilofemoral, superficial femoral are the top three. not really symptomatic. what patiens will tell you is that their legs ache, slow, put in hosital... put in antocoagulants. |
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Definition
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Term
| develop acutely clot in deep vein in the leg and when a person gets up to walk around it moves to the pulmonry systems |
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Definition
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Term
| this is more common in females. You get them when your on your feet. dilation and elongation of the superficial veins. infection is to worry about this you can get rid of them from laser therapy but they can return. |
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Definition
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Term
| increase in resistance to air flow. moving air in the lungs worsens with time affects more males than females |
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Definition
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Term
| not always considered with copd has to get worse over time. shortness of breath gasping of air. Airways have narrowed. There are side affects that cause then spasm, muscosal edema, increase in mucus. Found in children* |
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Definition
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Term
| etiologically 3 reasins astha is divided into three categories |
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Definition
allergic
idiopathic
mixed |
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Term
| asthma is mainly seen in children true or false |
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Definition
| true. allergies are caused by an antigen which is causing spasm in the bronchi, its allergic reaction |
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Term
| mostly in adults not a good sign could be a precursor to emphysems |
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Definition
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Term
| hypertrophy of an increase in goblet cells which produces mucous on the bronchi this is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| mainly correlated with air pollution. chronic bronchitis is an indication for |
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Definition
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Term
| what two respiratory diseases go hand in hand |
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Definition
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Term
| most common repspiratory disease |
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Definition
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Term
| chronically high co2 levels, increase in acid levels, blow up and distored alveoli. muscles get bigger and barrel chest. what disease |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| centrilobular, panlobular |
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Term
| selevtively effects the repisratory bronhcioles, jsut invoves 1st alevol that we find |
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Definition
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Term
| pan everything all the alveoli what typeof emphysema |
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Definition
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Term
| found mostly in children t is characterized by a chronic inflammation dilation of bronchi and bronchioles its started after they had upper respiratory flu or virus. |
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Definition
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Term
| constant cough producing protruding sputum. 200 ml/ day foul ill smell seriosu damage done to bronchi and maybe eve nthe right side of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| genetic most common fatal disease in white children. Found primarily in whites. ressive. gene effects exocrine glands. have incredible excretios.. cough up stuff look normal at birth happens in 1- 2000 deaths |
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Definition
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Term
| pancrease ,liver, bronchioles exceedingly viscocitiy thick secretions sweat gland arent really think but excess amounts of salt. what disease |
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Definition
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Term
| lungs tissue was find just couldnt breath what diseaes |
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Definition
| ALS, polio, myestin gravis |
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Term
| lung tissue children are born with caged chest. most children die at birth. there sternum is fused with thoracis spine. also called pectus excavatum what disease |
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Definition
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Term
| serious of short stories by charles diken about a little boy who is overweight sleeps all the time. cant exhlae due to fat so you retain co2 and it makes you feel sleepy. these people have to sleep sitting up what disease |
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Definition
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Term
| breath normal, stop breathing until co2 goes up so high that they gasp and wake themselves up what disease |
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Definition
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Term
| this is more commen in males more common in people who snore. more common in people overweight what am i referring to |
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Definition
| sleep apnea the cure they can use is cpap at night |
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Term
| when pleural fluid becomes inflammed and irritated we call this |
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Definition
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Term
| collected in pleural cavities |
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Definition
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Term
| collected blood in pleural spaces |
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Definition
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Term
| collectd air in pleual spaces develop without injury, most likely to happen in teenage males who are tall |
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Definition
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Term
| if we put fluid ( air , blood) in between the lungs and tissue we create |
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Definition
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Term
| you have an ezyme called this in alveoli that keeps your lungs from being collaspible. |
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Definition
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Term
| a small hole in the aorta allowing blood to slowly seep out is what type of aneurisym |
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Definition
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Term
| superficial thrompphelbitis involves the subcutaneous vessels of the upper and lower extremeties true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| name the three veins most affected by venous thrombosis |
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Definition
| superficial, illiac, papiliteal |
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Term
| hemmorids are actially varicose veins ? true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| an anatomic alteration of the lung is called |
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Definition
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Term
| trauma the most common cause of hemothrax |
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Definition
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Term
| the presence of air in the pleural cavitiy is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| a pneumonia chracterized by interstial inflammation free of exudate and pus is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| st segment falls below the baseline |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ischemic death of the myocardium is referred to as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| atherosciertotic lesions are mostly likely to occur in |
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Definition
| curves of the branches of the arteries |
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Term
| valve leaflets faling to close securely permitting back flow is called |
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Definition
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Term
| permits retrograde blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium as a rresult of incomplete valve closure is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| when the valve orfice becomes restricted impeding forward blood flow this is called |
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Definition
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|
