Term
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Definition
| the fundamental unit of matter. |
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Term
| What is the simpliest atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many Protons, neutrons, electrons, does a Hydrogen atom have? |
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Definition
1 proton
no neutrons
1 electron |
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Term
| Which are bigger in mass? Protons, neutrons, or electrons? |
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Definition
Protons and Neutrons are about the same mass.
Electrons have insignificant mass. |
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Term
| What's the net charge of Hydrogen? |
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Definition
| 0 1 electron, 1 proton cancel each other out. |
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Term
| How many times heavier is helium heavier than hydrogen? |
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Definition
| Because Helium has two protons and two electrons, it's about 4 times heavier than Hydrogen that only has 1 proton. |
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Term
| What's the most important thing in each atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can the number of neutrons and electrons in an element change? |
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Definition
| Yes, but protons remain the same so the element remains the same. |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit of a substance made up of two or more atoms bound to each other. |
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Term
| how are molecules formed? |
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Definition
| through ionic or covalent bonds. |
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Term
| when are atoms in their most stable condition? |
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Definition
| when the outermost orbital shell has all the electrons it can handle. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
atoms share electrons on their outermost shells/orbits.
This creates a physically more stable condition.
No electrons are gained or lost. |
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Term
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Definition
| Positive and negative atoms attract and bond together. Example is NaCl salt. |
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Term
| How many covalent bonds can Hydrogen form? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many covalent bonds can Oxygen form? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does electronegative mean? What element is eletronegative? |
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Definition
| Drawn to electrons - Oxygen is electronegative |
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Term
| What happens to water molecule because Oxygen is electronegative? |
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Definition
Oxygen is slightly negative
Hydrogren is slightly positive.
This is called a POLAR MOLECULE. |
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Term
| What keeps water together? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The weak bond between DIFFERENT water molecules |
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Term
What is the freezing point of water? Boiling point?
Whats the freezing/boiling without hydrogen bonds? |
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Definition
0 freezing, 100 boiling.
-100 freezing, -80 boiling |
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Term
| What bond allows water to remain liquid on Earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does water's temperature change? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Amount of heat that needs to be expended or absorbed to
change the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree
Celsius. |
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Term
| High Heat of Vaporization |
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Definition
| Amount of energy required to change 1g of liquid into gas |
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Term
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Definition
a certain "stickiness" on top of the water's surface that creates surface tension that resists the water to break.
this allows organisms to walk on water and for it to be transported. |
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Term
| What makes water a good solvent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What speeds up a dissolving process? |
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Definition
| Heat and mixing speeds up water molecules to dissolve faster |
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Term
| what's the difference between salt and fresh water? |
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Definition
| Salt, its about 35 grams of salt per liter (a fistful of salt) |
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Term
| Whats the salinty of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What salts exist in seawater? |
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Definition
Chloride
Sodium
Sulfate
Magnesium
Calcium
Potassium
Bicarbonate |
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Term
| Which two elements make up about 85% of the salt in seawater? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the sources of the salts in seawater? |
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Definition
1.Physical and chemical breakdown of rocks - wind and rain break down rocks and wash down materials
2. Hydrothermal vents and volcanoes - volcanoes dump stuff in atmosphere and that gets rained down into the ocean |
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Term
| What organic compounds make up more than 99% of the salt in Sea water? |
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Definition
sulfate
calcium
magnesium
potassium
bicarbonate |
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Term
| what results in water runoffs from land? Give examples? |
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Definition
| Positive ions like Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium |
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Term
| What are hydrothermal vents and volcanoes good sources of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rule of constant proportions? |
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Definition
| Although total salts in seawater may vary, the relative ratio of different salts remains constant. |
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Term
| What does the density of water depend on? |
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Definition
Salt content AND temperature
More salt = More dense
less salt = less dense |
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Term
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Definition
| Zone of rapid temperature change |
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Term
| Seawater temperature changes as a function of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the dense form of water when it comes to temperature? |
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Definition
in Pure water it's 4 degrees celcius
In Saltwater it's a little less than 3.5 degrees celcius |
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Term
| Draw me the water profile as a temperature of depth for tropic, temperate, and polar decline and show where the thermocline is for each one. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the thermocline vary between the polar, tropics, and temperate regions? |
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Definition
Polar has no thermocine
Tropic thermocline is permanent
the deeper water in Temperate is permanent while the shallow water is variable as a function of seaons |
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Term
| What is the zone of rapid salinity change called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the zone of rapid density changed called? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the pressure increase as we go deeper into the ocean? |
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Definition
There is an increase of one atmospheric
unit of pressure for every 10 meter
increase in depth.
On the surface water, it's 1 atm. At 10m its 2 atm. |
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Term
| The part of the ocean where light penetrates is referred to as the what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The part of the ocean where there is no light penetrating through is reffered to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does most of photosynthesis occur in the ocean? |
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Definition
| typically 100 meters or less, depending on the clarity of the water. |
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Term
| What happens when light goes through water? |
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Definition
A change in QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF LIGHT.
Deeper you go means there's less light because it's being scattered and absorbed.
As you go deeper, different wavelengths travel different depths (red doesn't go deep) |
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