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Definition
| Everything _______ is also biological. They influence each other and interact with each other constantly |
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| Claimed that bumps on the skull can reveal our mental abilities and character traits |
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| took to the notion that higher mental functions were relative to the size of the brain. |
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| The nervous system is built by ________ |
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Term
sensory neurons
motor neurons
interneurons |
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Definition
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| it sustains itself by keeping the neuron alive; heart of the neuron |
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Definition
| receive messages from other cells |
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| send messages to other cells |
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| the fatty tissue covering the axon; protects the electrical signal from escaping (acts as insulator) |
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| Information travels in the form of _______ (electrical charge that travels down the axon) |
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| Can travel through neurons at speeds ranging from 2 mph to 200 mph |
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| causes a neuron to hurry up; gas pedal |
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| causes a neuron to slow down; brake pedal |
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If excitatory signals minus the inhibitory signals reach the _________
the signals will trigger an action potential. |
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Definition
| brain chemicals located in the bottom of the axon |
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| Once the electrical charge has traveled through the axon, it triggers the release of |
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| The network that allows the body to communicate within itself |
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Definition
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| bundles of axons that connect CNS to muscles, glands, and organs |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| has divisions autonomic (controls our muscles that we have no control over: disguesting our food, our heart beaing, sweating, hormones getting released) and somatic (ourvoluntary movements: run, walk, talk, move our arms, etc.) |
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| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| under autonomic, which means we cannot control it. Fight or flight is referring to our instinct to either run or stay and fight in bad or dangerous situations |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
“Arouses”
(fight-or-flight) |
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Which part of a neuron receives the electrical charge from another neuron? |
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Definition
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| A visit to a phrenologist would have resulted in an analysis of the person’s |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| As Allison reaches for a box in her garage, out jumps a big spider. Her heart immediately begins to race as she withdraws her hand, but soon she realizes that the spider is harmless, and she begins to calm down. Which part of her nervous system is responsible for bringing her back to a normal state of arousal? |
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Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Psychology should be an objective science
Only study behavior, no mental processes |
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Definition
| the relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs due to that organisms past experience |
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Definition
| is really the science of learning |
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Definition
| was a physiologist not a psychiatrist. Ran test with bells on his dog with their feeding times. |
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Definition
| A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. |
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| Dog salivates over food WITHOUT use of tone |
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Definition
| Dog DOES NOT salivate with the use of tone |
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Definition
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| Tone (BEFORE the use of food with it) |
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| Tone is played and AFTERWARDS the food is presented making the dog salivate |
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Definition
| The dog DOES salivate once tone is played WITHOUT the food being present |
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Definition
| Tone (AFTER the food has been associated with it) |
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Definition
| a stimulus that conditionally (naturally or automatically) triggers a response. |
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Definition
| the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus. |
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Definition
| an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), come to trigger a conditioned response. |
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Definition
| the learned response to a previously neutral but now conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| ___________ demonstrated that fear can be conditioned in infants. He found that a loud sound is a potent unconditioned stimuli for fear in infants. He successfully conditions an 11-month-old baby named ______ to fear laboratory rats by making a loud sound when he was paying attention to the rat. |
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Definition
| forms associations between stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| forms an association between behaviors and the resulting events. |
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Term
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Definition
| has someone in control of the “experiment” because someone was in control of what was happening. |
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Definition
| doesn’t have someone in control of the “experiment.” Happens naturally without someone in direct control of what was happening |
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Definition
| a type a learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. |
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Definition
developed the operant chamber
or the box, to study operant conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| the operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior towards the desired target behavior through successive approximations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
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Definition
Nature or nurture
Past, present, or future
Optimism or pessimism
Uniqueness or universality |
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Term
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Definition
Psychoanalytic view
Very influential to psychology
Began as a medical doctor,
but soon began looking branching
out to what we know as psychology |
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Term
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Definition
| focused on the unconscious. Considered as a pool of unwanted or unacceptable thoughts, wishes or desires, memories, and emotions that we repress. |
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Definition
| First considered hypnosis; then turned to free association |
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Term
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Definition
| tells the patient to relax and say whatever came to mind, no matter how embarrassing or trivial |
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Definition
| Freud’s theory of personality |
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Definition
| Says that unconscious thoughts and motives are the cause for our thoughts and actions |
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Definition
| Approaches the treatment of psychological disorders by trying to uncover and make sense of unconscious tensions |
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| Saying something mistakenly although it was really what was on your mind when you spoke it |
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Definition
is considered as a pool of
thoughts, wishes or desires, memories, and emotions that we repress |
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Term
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Definition
| Iceberg: thoughts, perceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| Iceberg: memories, stored knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| Iceberg: fears, violent motives, unacceptable sexual desires, irrational wishes, immoral urges, selfish needs, shameful experiences |
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Definition
| believed that the personality developed during the first few years of life |
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Definition
| proposed that children go through psychosexual stages in the personality development process |
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Term
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Rorschach inkblot test |
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Definition
| Types of Projective Tests |
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Term
| Thematic Apperception Test |
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Definition
| The picture of the lady standing outside the bedroom with her hand over her face is an example of what? |
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Definition
| focused on childhood and how it makes people the way they are today. But the fact is, we grow and learn our whole lives. |
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Definition
| said that parental influence is the only thing that contributes to who we are, why we think, behave, and feel the way we do. |
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Definition
| based his ideas on his clients, rather than looking at women as a whole. Not a very fair judgment, a bit biased. |
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Definition
criticisms made include:
Development continues throughout our lives, not just in childhood
Peer influence important too, not just parental influence
Slips of the tongue can be attributed to mixed verbal choices |
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Term
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Definition
Long questionnaires (usually True/False or Agree/Disagree) that cover a wide range of feelings/behaviors
Scored objectively, but does not guarantee valid results
Ex. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2nd Edition (MMPI-2) |
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Term
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
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Definition
Focuses more on abnormal personality characteristics than normal characteristics.
Items (questions) are empirically derived and objective.
Consists of 567 questions, all T/F |
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Term
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Definition
The most accepted personality trait dimension model now
Popular on the research circuit of personality |
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Term
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Definition
| is a form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response; it occurs without obvious reinforcement to be applied later. |
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Definition
| Basic biological urges, the beast within, constantly seeking pleasure (devil on the shoulder) |
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Definition
| Gratifies urges within acceptable bounds, reality-focused, looking for best possible solution (the reality focus inside us that decides to listen to the Id or Superego) |
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Definition
| Values and ideals of society (angel on the shoulder) |
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Definition
| receive messages from other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| send messages to other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the fatty tissue covering the axon; protects the electrical signal from escaping (acts as insulator) |
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Term
| MMPI2 (Multiple Personality Test) |
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Definition
| is one of the most frequently used personality tests in mental health. The test is used by trained professionals to assist in identifying personality structure and psychopathology. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both. Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality characteristics and emotional functioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proponents of this technique assert that a person's responses to the cards can provide information about his or her views of the self, the world, and interpersonal relationships. |
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Definition
| Parts include the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| Parts include the internal organs, glands, and skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| (0-18 months) pleasure centers on the mouth-sucking, biting, chewing |
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Definition
| (18-36 months) pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control |
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Definition
| (3-6 years) pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings |
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Definition
| (6 to puberty) dormant sexual feelings |
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Definition
| (puberty on) maturation of sexual interests |
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Definition
| carry messages from our bodies tissues and organs to our brains. |
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Definition
| carry messages from our brain and spinal cord to our muscles and our glands. (Bodily movements require these neurons) |
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Definition
| carry messages from one neuron to another… (Help neurons communicate with each other) |
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Definition
imaginative, preference for variety, independent
Outgoing - Likes to travel, likes sports, like meeting new people |
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Definition
organized, careful, disciplined
Determined organizer – uses daily planner, color coded |
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Definition
sociable, fun-loving, affectionate
Steamroller – gain energy by being around people, usually only 20-25% of people |
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Definition
soft-hearted, trusting, helpful
Friendly pushover – avoids conflict and confrontation, gets “stepped on” easily |
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Definition
calm, secure, self-satisfied
Over reactive – hits extremes of behaviors and emotional responses, edgy |
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Term
| Freud’s methods of reaching the unconscious |
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Definition
| Tried to uncover and make sense of unconscious tensions. Used view of the Human Mind as a mental iceberg |
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Term
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Definition
| is a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell |
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