Term
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Definition
| -small group of people interacting and working together to achieve mutually specified goals. |
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Term
| distinguishing features of a group. |
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Definition
-small in size
-non-permanency- ended when goals are reached or lifespan
-no a legal entity.
-equality, mutual respect, and no hierarchy.
-homogeneity with difference (difference in sex, age etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| -Formed groups are planned by an external agent for a specific reason. |
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Term
| naturally occurring groups definition. |
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Definition
-spontaneously made by members themselves for mutual gain.
-examples: families, friends, self help groups, and gangs. |
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Term
| In what ways do groups help people's biopsychosocial health? |
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Definition
-meaning making,
-decision making,
-task accomplishment
-growth, healing, emotional support
-social skills
-and social change |
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Term
| 3 questions to rationalize the use of group work in social work practice |
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Definition
1) what is the theoretical justification for the group approach to practice?
2)How does the group approach help to address the issues presented by or to group members?
3) what empirical evidence supports the effectiveness or efficacy of the group approach? |
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Term
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Definition
| a group whose main purpose is to: make decisions, develop plans, find solutions, recommend certain action on behalf of clients, the agency or the community. |
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Term
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Definition
| -work teams, committees, boards, delegate councils etc. |
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Term
| Theoretical justification for task groups |
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Definition
-they enhance ideas and expertise
-allow for a social democracy and the division of labour promotes efficiency |
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Term
| Problems with task groups |
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Definition
-the possibility of groupthink
-conflict in views, and personality which can affect productivity. |
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Term
| Treatment group definition |
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Definition
| -a formed or adopted group whose purpose is to enhance the biopsychosocial wellbeing of the members. Members face a similar issue or have a common need |
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Term
| examples of treatment groups |
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Definition
| -parenting skills, addictions, mental health, grief, trauma, illness, and self care. |
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Term
| Theoretical justification for treatment groups |
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Definition
-universality of the experience
-mutual aid
-altruism (helper therapy)
-instillation of hope
-social learning
-normalizing and validation
-experiential learning |
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Term
| the two main traditions in the history of social work as a profession. |
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Definition
| Charity organization society (COS) and the settlement house movement (SHM). |
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Term
| COS (Charity Organization Society) philosophy |
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Definition
- problems are individual failings
-the help of an expert is needed to solve the problem by reforming the individual. |
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Term
| SHM (settlement house movement) philosophy |
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Definition
-problems are due to environmental factors, and barriers such as discrimination, policies and practices.
-change is better achieved through group work
-personal growth is enhanced through group involvement. |
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Term
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Definition
| -the group is a system, and it consists of parts that interact in coordinated ways to achieve a common purpose |
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Term
| key concepts in social systems theory |
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Definition
-environment: physical and social
-Equilibrium/homeostasis: a state of no disturbance in the coordinated interactions.
-resources/energy/input: intellectual, informational, material- drawn from the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
-peoples problems are the result of personality defects.
-Personality is made in childhood and are influenced by childhood experiences |
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Term
| psychodynamic theory in group practice |
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Definition
-explains how people use the group to meet their needs or overcome their fears
-groups are like childhood families where things went wrong
-group work is used to help each member fulfill unmet childhood needs/desires/. |
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Term
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Definition
-behaviour is learnt and can be unlearned.
-group context allows opportunities for members to learn positive behaviour and unlearn negative.
-every behaviour is a response to stimulus (trigger)
-lots of stimuli in the group which can increase rate of learning. |
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Term
| Punishments and rewards in the learning theory |
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Definition
-behaviour is sustained or discarded based on rewards or punishments.
-multiple sources of rewards/punishments in group
-behaviour is also learnt through observation and imitation |
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Term
| key terms in learning theory |
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Definition
-operant conditioning- use rewards to encourage desired behaviour (clear goals, contracting etc.)
-desensitization- use punishment to discourage undesirable behaviour (suspending privileges, ignoring etc.
Modelling- enacting the desired behaviour for others to imitate- eg. Mock interviewing, controlling anger etc. |
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Term
| Questions to consider while planning a group |
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Definition
-what type of group will it be?
who can be a member?
what will be the purpose?
who will sponsor the group?
when will it start/end?
how will we measure success? |
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Term
| 5 main steps of forming a group |
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Definition
1)define group purpose, goals and objectives.
2)describe sponsorship, financial and political support
3) Define target membership-recruitment criteria
4)compose the group-admit, register, orient
5)Determine nature, structure, content, process, evaluation |
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Term
| group cohesion definition |
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Definition
-energy of the group which makes the members feel as though they belong and work to maintain membership.
-cohesion will be high when group members identify with one another, share stories, and are in favour of the group |
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Term
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Definition
| -expectations, guidelines, and beliefs about acceptable behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| expectations of specific behaviour of a group member at specific points in time |
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Term
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Definition
the respect a group member has because of their position or the expertise they have to offer the group
-influences conformity because high status members dont want to lose it while low status members want to gain more status
-worker needs to monitor evolving roles |
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Term
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Definition
-emerging dominant beliefs and values that govern members behaviour in and out of the group
-the worker needs to address value conflicts to help the group develop a culture that represents members' collective aspirations |
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Term
| What is Tuckman's 5-stage model of group development |
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Definition
| -forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning |
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Term
| beginning stage of group development |
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Definition
-anxiety, avoidance, conflict, uncertainty, struggle for power, and a clash of values etc.
- orient members and clarify group purpose, provide structure (purpose, individual contribution, and norms) |
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Term
| middle stage if group development |
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Definition
-commitment and support, dynamics emerge (roles identified, and norms have been developed.), effective interaction patterns are developed (discussion of ideas without attacking others).
-ensure tasks are clear, and encourage everyone to participate, identify conflicts and intervene |
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Term
| end stage of group development |
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Definition
-group satisfaction, feeling of accomplishment, and celebration. Mix of positive and negative feelings
-help members celebrate, support them, and help them to develop plans after moving on |
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Term
| How to get members settled |
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Definition
-assure members that this is a safe space (respect)
-use introductions to open everyone up. (share something, ice breaking etc) |
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Term
| Step 2: Getting Member commitment |
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Definition
-state the purpose and open it up for modification
-facilitate the setting of goals
-discuss confidentiality
-contract with the whole group and individual
support members through motivation |
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Term
| Step 3: Getting member participation |
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Definition
contract with the whole group and individual members
-support engagement by identifying barriers and removing them.
-use round robin
-use socratic language (open ended questions) |
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Term
| what to do before the meeting |
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Definition
-make agenda (and prepare members by giving it to them)
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Term
| What to do during the meeting |
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Definition
-follow agenda and keep the group focused
-share info and request info (questions, ideas, clarify points, and listen)
-deal with conflict (let members see how they can learn from it)
-facilitate decision making by encouraging critical analysis of decisions (pros and cons, |
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Term
| What to do after the meeting |
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Definition
-follow up with members and prepare for next meeting.
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Term
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Definition
-welcome
-statement of group purpose
-develop norms and ground rules
-define key deliverables
-proposed work progress
-communications process->who/when to give updates to
-operating logistics-when/where to meet
-next steps
-adjournment |
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Term
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Definition
-guiding and facilitating the group from start to end
-you influence the individuals and group to go towards the destination
-exercise authority, and power |
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Term
| task leadership requirements |
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Definition
| -providing structure to the group, and facilitating the group dynamics that promote goal attainment |
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Term
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Definition
-support, facilitating development of healthy relationships
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Term
| 3 main group characteristics |
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Definition
| -structure, content and process |
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Term
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Definition
-commanding and controlling, members initiatives are not encouraged
-transactional syle - reward/punishment |
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Term
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Definition
-shared power, encouraging member participation, providing guidance for engagement
-transformational and interactional in their syle |
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Term
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Definition
-little guidance and unrealistic expectations
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Term
| specific techniques used for task groups |
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Definition
-brainstorming
-Focus group discussion (FGD)
-nominal group technique (NGT)
-parliamentary procedures |
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Term
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Definition
-generation of ideas
-critical judgement is suspended
-quanitity
-building on other ideas is okay
-reverse brainstorming- analyze challenges to ideas presented
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Term
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Definition
-semi-srtuctured interview guide to moderate group discussion
-explores topics in depth
-focused on group opinion
Benefits: in dpeth, gives info, generates hyphothesis |
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Term
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Definition
-u shaped seating, pens etc
-State the problem and go around to generate ideas on how to solve
-idenitfy important ones and rank them
-majority vote to conclude
-Benefits- all members equally participate, reflection, and prevents premature decision making |
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Term
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Definition
-discuss/debate motions (requests for action)
-seconds the motion (provides support)
-a vote is called by the leader, its either accepted or denied
-if the motion is accepted, it will be discussed by the group and a majority vote will be made
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