Term
|
Definition
| the confirmation or validation of an event or object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infinite quantities
of facts are widely available to anyone who can use a computer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a
world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or “things” have the ability to collect
and share data without human intervention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
devices that connect
directly to other devices |
|
|
Term
| The core drivers of the information age |
|
Definition
| Data, Information, Business intelligence, Knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates, or strings such as
Customer Address |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created by a machine without human intervention. Machinegenerated structured data includes sensor data, point-of-sale data, and web log data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
data that humans, in interaction with computers, generate.
Human-generated structured data includes input data, click-stream data, or gaming data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Data converted
into a meaningful
and useful
context |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Information collected from multiple sources that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships
for strategic decision
making |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The skills, experience,
and expertise, coupled
with information and
intelligence, that creates
a person’s intellectual
resources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not defined and does not follow a specified format and is typically free-form text such as emails, Twitter tweets, and text messages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a collection of large complex data sets, including structured and unstructured
data, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a view of data at a particular moment in time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a document containing data organized in a table, matrix, or graphical format
allowing users to easily comprehend and understand information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created once based on data that does not change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
changes automatically during
creation. Dynamic reports can include updating daily stock market prices or the calculation
of available inventor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies over
time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals valued for their ability to interpret and analyze information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a segment of a company (such as accounting, production, marketing) representing a specific business function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Records, measures, and reports monetary transactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deals with strategic financial issues including money, banking, credit, investments, and assets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maintains policies, plans, and procedures for the effective management of employees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supports sales by planning, pricing, and promoting goods or services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Manages the process of converting or transforming resources
into goods or services. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Performs the function of selling goods or services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when one business unit is unable to freely communicate
with other business units making it difficult or impossible for organizations to work crossfunctionally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
he process where a business takes raw materials and processes them or
converts them into a finished product for its goods or services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the rate at which goods and services are produced based upon
total output given total inputs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs
being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on
each part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
information that returns to its original transmitter
(input, transform, or output) and modifies the transmitter’s actions. |
|
|
Term
| Management information systems (MIS) |
|
Definition
a business function, like accounting and
human resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes across
the company to facilitate decision making and problem solving. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from the Greek word "stratus" for army and "ago" for leading |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a leadership plan that achieves a specific set of goals or objectives
such as increasing sales, decreasing costs, entering new markets, or developing new products
or services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a person or group that has an interest or concern in an organization. Stakeholders drive business strategies, and depending on the stakeholder’s perspective,
the business strategy can change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a feature of a product or service on which customers place a
greater value than they do on similar offerings from competitors. Competitive advantages
provide the same product or service either at a lower price or with additional value that can
fetch premium prices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a company can significantly increase its market share by being first with a new competitive advantage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process of gathering information about the competitive
environment, including competitors’ plans, activities, and products, to improve a company’s
ability to succeed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
evaluates an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats to identify significant influences that work for or against business strategies |
|
|
Term
| Porter’s Five Forces Model |
|
Definition
analyzes the competitive forces within the
environment in which a company operates to assess the potential for profitability in an industry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of buyers to affect the price they must pay for an item |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| costs that make customers reluctant to switch to another product or service |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reward customers based on their spending. Loyalty programs are thus a good example of using MIS to reduce buyer power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in obtaining raw materials or a product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the suppliers’ ability to influence the prices they charge for supplies (including materials, labor, and
services). |
|
|
Term
| threat of substitute products or services |
|
Definition
is high when there are many alternatives to a
product or service and low when there are few alternatives from which to choose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is high when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market and
low when there are significant entry barriers to joining a market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a feature
of a product or service that customers have come to expect and entering competitors must
offer the same for survival |
|
|
Term
| Rivalry among existing competitors |
|
Definition
is high when competition is fierce in a market and low
when competitors are more complacent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a company develops unique differences in its products or services with the intent to influence demand |
|
|
Term
| Porter’s three generic strategies |
|
Definition
eneric business strategies that are neither organization nor industry specific and can be applied to any business, product, or service. These three
generic business strategies for entering a new market are: (1) broad cost leadership, (2) broad differentiation, and (3) focused strategy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a standardized set of
activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer’s order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
which views a
firm as a series of business processes that each add value to the product or service. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receive and store raw materials, Make the product or service, Deliver the product or service, Market and sell the product or service, Service after the sale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
includes the tasks, activities, and responsibilities required to execute each step in
a business process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
monitor processes to
ensure tasks, activities, and responsibilities are executed as specified |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses a systematic approach in an attempt to improve business effectiveness and efficiency continuously |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is continuously changing and provides business
solutions to ever-changing business operations. |
|
|
Term
| Customer-facing processes |
|
Definition
| also called front-office processes, result in a product or service received by an organization’s external customer |
|
|
Term
| Business-facing processes |
|
Definition
also called back-office processes, are invisible to the external customer but essential
to the effective management of the business; they include goal setting, day-to-day planning,
giving performance feedback and rewards, and allocating resources |
|
|
Term
| Business process reengineering (BPR) |
|
Definition
| is the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a patent that protects a specific set of procedures for conducting a particular business activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are business processes, such as manufacturing goods, selling products, and providing service, that make up the primary activities in a value chain |
|
|
Term
| Business process modeling, or mapping |
|
Definition
is the activity of creating a detailed flowchart
or process map of a work process that shows its inputs, tasks, and activities in a structured
sequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a graphic description of a process, showing the
sequence of process tasks, which is developed for a specific purpose and from a selected
viewpoint. |
|
|
Term
| Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) |
|
Definition
a graphical notation that depicts the
steps in a business process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
represent the current state
of the operation that has been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to
existing processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| that displays how the process problem will be solved or implemented. To-Be process models show the results of applying change improvement opportunities to the current (As-Is) process model. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| or cross-functional diagram) documents the steps or activities of a workflow by grouping activities into swimlanes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the person responsible for the end-to-end functioning of a business
process. Swimlane diagrams help identify process owners who can repair delays, bottlenecks,
or redundancies |
|
|
Term
| Supply chain management (SCM) |
|
Definition
the management of information flows between and
among activities in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and corporate profitability |
|
|
Term
| Customer relationship management (CRM) |
|
Definition
managing all aspects of a customer’s relationship
with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organization’s profitability. |
|
|
Term
| CRM reporting technologies |
|
Definition
| help organizations identify their customers across other applications. |
|
|
Term
| CRM predicting technologies |
|
Definition
| help organizations predict customer behavior, such as which customers are at risk of leaving |
|
|
Term
Enterprise resource
planning (ERP) |
|
Definition
integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into
a single system (or integrated set of MIS systems) so that employees can make decisions
by viewing enterprisewide information on all business operations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allows
every department of a company to store and retrieve information in real-time allowing information to be more reliable and accessible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
divides the system into
a set of functional units (named modules) that can be used independently or combined with
other modules for increased business flexibility |
|
|
Term
| chief information officer (CIO) |
|
Definition
responsible for (1) overseeing all uses of information technology and (2) ensuring the strategic alignment of MIS with business goals and
objectives. The CIO often reports directly to the CEO |
|
|
Term
| Broad functions of a CIO include: |
|
Definition
| manager, leader, communicator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responsible for determining the types of information the enterprise will capture, retain, analyze, and share. responsible for the data, regardless of the information system. |
|
|
Term
| chief technology officer (CTO) |
|
Definition
| responsible for ensuring the throughput, speed, accuracy, availability, and reliability of an organization’s information technology. |
|
|
Term
| chief security officer (CSO) |
|
Definition
responsible for ensuring the security of MIS systems
and developing strategies and MIS safeguards against attacks from hackers and viruses |
|
|
Term
| chief privacy officer (CPO) |
|
Definition
responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of
information within an organization |
|
|
Term
| chief knowledge officer (CKO) |
|
Definition
| responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization’s knowledge |
|
|
Term
| Chief intellectual property officer |
|
Definition
| will manage and defend intellectual property, copyrights, and patents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
determines if a person or business process can be replaced by a
robot or software |
|
|
Term
| Chief user experience officer |
|
Definition
| will create the optimal relationship between user and technology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the difference between existing MIS workplace knowledge and the
knowledge required to fulfill the business goals and strategies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a temporary activity a company undertakes to create a unique product, service, or
result |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals |
|
|
Term
| Critical success factors (CSFs) |
|
Definition
the crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals
and objectives and implement their strategies |
|
|
Term
| Key performance indicators (KPIs) |
|
Definition
| the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors. KPIs are far more specific than CSFs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the proportion of the market that a firm captures |
|
|
Term
| return on investment (ROI) |
|
Definition
indicates the earning power
of a project |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the most successful solutions or problem-solving methods that have been
developed by a specific organization or industry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure the performance of MIS itself, such as throughput, transaction speed, and system availability |
|
|
Term
| Effectiveness MIS metrics |
|
Definition
measure the impact MIS has
on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversion
rates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| baseline values the system seeks to attain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system performance (benchmark values), and
identifying steps and procedures to improve system performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a management system, in addition to a measurement system,
that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into action. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the legal protection afforded an expression of an idea, such as a song, book,
or video game |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intangible creative work that is embodied in physical
form and includes copyrights, trademarks, and patents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an exclusive right to make,
use, and sell an invention and is granted by a government to the inventor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the right to be left alone when you want to be, to have
control over your personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the assurance that messages and information remain
available only to those authorized to view them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
govern the ethical and moral issues arising from the development
and use of information technologies as well as the creation, collection, duplication, distribution, and processing of information itself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
software that
is manufactured to look like the real thing and sold as such |
|
|
Term
| Digital rights management |
|
Definition
a technological solution that allows publishers to control their digital media to discourage,
limit, or prevent illegal copying and distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
electronic discovery
refers to the ability of a company to identify, search, gather, seize, or export digital information in responding to a litigation, audit, investigation, or information inquiry |
|
|
Term
| Child Online Protection Act (COPA) |
|
Definition
was passed to protect minors from accessing
inappropriate material on the Internet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a period of time when a system is unavailable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a broad term encompassing the protection of information from
accidental or intentional misuse by persons inside or outside an organization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
experts in technology who use their knowledge to break into computers and
computer networks, either for profit or simply for the challenge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a computer attack by which an attacker accesses a wireless computer network,
intercepts data, uses network services, and/or sends attack instructions without entering the
office or organization that owns the network |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
software
written with malicious intent to cause annoyance or damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spreads itself not only from file to file
but also from computer to computer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
software
that, although purporting to serve some useful function and often fulfilling that function, also
allows Internet advertisers to display advertisements without the consent of the computer
user |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a special class of adware that collects data about the user and transmits
it over the Internet without the user’s knowledge or permission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of malicious software that infects your computer and asks for money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a new ransomware program that encrypts your personal files and demands
payment for the files’ decryption keys |
|
|
