Term
| What tissues does the episclera lie between? |
|
Definition
| -tenon's capsule and sclera |
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Term
| What does the episclera consist of? |
|
Definition
| -dense vascular connective tissue |
|
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Term
| What three vascular layers cover the anterior sclera? |
|
Definition
-conjunctival vessels
-Vessels within tenon's capsule or superficial episclera plexus
-deep vascular plexus |
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Term
| You administer phenylephrine to a Px, which layers of the anterior sclera do you expect NOT to be blanched? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Describe the conjunctival vessels |
|
Definition
-most superficial, injected in conjunctivitis
-will blanch |
|
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Term
| Describe vessels within Tenon's Capsule. |
|
Definition
-radially oriented - injected in episcleritis
-can be moved with manipulation
-some blanching |
|
|
Term
| Which vessels are injected in scleritis? |
|
Definition
| -deep vascular plexus (superficial scleral vessels) |
|
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Term
| What are the three possible scleral abnormalities? |
|
Definition
-discoloration
-scleritis
-episcleritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-senile scleral translucency
-focal scleral discoloration
-common and harmless |
|
|
Term
| What are common feature of episcleritis? |
|
Definition
-benign and idiopathic
-can be recurrent
-typically affects young adults
-never progresses to scleritis or corneal involvment |
|
|
Term
| Px presents to you unilateral redness in one eye that is sectoral in nature and quite tender. What would you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two forms of episcleritis? |
|
Definition
| -simple and nodular (may last longer) |
|
|
Term
| Px comes in with a sector redness in right eye, dilated vessels and mild edema. You ask him to return in a few weeks or if gets worse. He comes in 2 weeks later and has resolved. What was it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Px present with abnormal sclera. They complain of pain, however you note that the injected vessels no not move easily through lid and vessels do not blanch upon phenylephrine use. What is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -edema and cellular infiltration of entire thickness of sclera (rare) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of systemic scleritis? |
|
Definition
-rheumatoid arthritis
-also wegeners granulomatosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of anterior scleritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major difference between diffuse and nodular anterior non-necrotizing scleritis? |
|
Definition
| -diffuse is benign while nodular is site threatening in 25% of cases |
|
|
Term
| What is the main treatment for anterior non-necrotizing scleritis? |
|
Definition
-Oral prednisolone and oral NSAIDS
-combined therapy or injection of steroids |
|
|
Term
| necrotizing anterior scleritis with inflammation, is often associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| necrotizing scleritis without inflammation is most often associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are a few signs of posterior scleritis? |
|
Definition
-macular folds
-retinal edema
-disc edema
-retinal detachment |
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