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Science
INC1
326
Science
Undergraduate 3
06/25/2015

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Term
Alpha particle
Definition
an alpha particle is the combination of two protons and two neutrons
Term
Astronomy
Definition
The study of stars and planets
Term
Atoms are made up of
Definition
electrons, neutrons, and protons
neutrons and protons lie at the heart of the atom
Term
Beta Particle
Definition
A beta particle is an electron ejected from a nucleus.
Term
Biology
Definition
The study of living organism
Term
Chemistry
Definition
The study of the interactions between compounds and molecules
Term
Describe Amplitude
Definition
the distance from the midpoint to the crest (or to the trough) of the wave
Term
Describe Wavelength
Definition
he wavelength of a wave is the distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next one, or, equivalently, the distance between successive identical parts of the wave.
Term
Earth Science
Definition
The study of geology, meteorology and oceanography
Term
Fact
Definition
A scientific fact, is something that competent observers can observe and agree to be true.
Term
Frequency
Definition
The frequency specifies the number of vibrations it makes in a given time (usually in one second).
Term
Gamma Ray
Definition
Gamma rays are the high-frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive elements
Term
Grams - g
Definition
Measures the mass of a solid
Term
How does a simple machine affect work output?
Definition
Simple machines don’t change the amount of work but rather affect the input force needed to do work
Term
How might a systems approach be useful to study science?
Definition
A systems approach is a way to obtain evidence to support of refute a hypothesis.
Term
How might creativity be used in science and useful in generating new testable ideas?
Definition
Used in the formation of scientific hypothesis and the advancement of scientific knowledge.
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
Make an educated guess—a hypothesis—to answer the question.
Term
Joules - J
Definition
SI Unit for Energy and Work
Term
Kelvin - degrees K
Definition
Measures temperature
Term
Kilograms (kg)
Definition
Measures amount of matter in an objects mass
Term
Law
Definition
a scientific hypothesis has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted
Term
Liters - L
Definition
Measurement of liquid solution's volume
Term
Longitudinal Waves
Definition
A longitudinal wave is one in which the direction of wave travel is along the direction in which the source vibrates
Term
Newtons - N
Definition
Scientific Unit of force
Term
Observations
Definition
A collection of measurements, notes and images to describe a phenomenon
Term
PH stands for
Definition
potential of Hydrogen, scale is used to measure level of acids and bases
Term
Period
Definition
The period of a wave or vibration is the time it takes for a complete vibration—for a complete cycle.
Term
Physics
Definition
The study of basic concepts such as motion, force, energy, matter, heat, sound, light, electricity and magnetisim
Term
Prediction
Definition
Predict consequences that can be observed if the hypothesis is correct. The consequences should be absent if the hypothesis is not correct.
Term
Radio Waves
Definition
frequency lower than that of visible light
Term
Theory
Definition
A group of well-tested hypotheses that provide evidence to support explanations for scientific phenomena.
Term
Transverse Wave
Definition
vibrations that are at right angles to the direction of wave travel.
Term
What are radio waves used for
Definition
Used to transmit AM and FM radio stations
Term
What are the life cycle stages of a star?
Definition
Nebula, Protostar, Main Sequence Star, Red Giant, White Dwarf, Supernova, Neutron Star, Black hole,

n
Term
What changes the pitch of sound
Definition
A high-pitched note is a high-frequency sound wave arising from a rapidly vibrating source.
Term
What is a wave?
Definition
A vibration
Term
What is an electromagnetic wave
Definition
an electromagnetic wave is a wave of energy produced when an electric charge accelerates
Term
What is gravitational force?
Definition
the greater the masses,the greater the force of attraction between them. The greater the distance of separation d, the weaker is the force of attraction—weaker as the inverse square of the distance between their centers
Term
What is potential energy?
Definition
Energy stored due to shape, position, or state.

Elastic: stretched or compressed spring
Gravitational: due to elevation
Electrical: due to position in electric field
Magnetic: due to position in magnetic field
Chemical: due to positions of atoms and electrons in molecules
Term
What is projectile motion?
Definition
the motion of an object (the projectile) is analyzed under the influence of the constant acceleration of gravity, after it has been propelled with some initial velocity.
Term
What is strong nuclear force?
Definition
The strong force attracts two protons.
Term
What is the H-R Diagram
Definition
The H-R diagram is a plot of the luminosity versus surface temperature of stars
Term
What is the benefit of using a systems approach when studying biology?
Definition
A systems approach focuses on how component parts interact and can then predict how a change in one component affects the whole system.
Term
What is the difference between a law and a theory?
Definition
a law is widely accepted by the scientific community, while a theory may be disputed.
Term
What is the equation for work?
Definition
Work = Force X Distance
Term
What is the general chemical composition of stars
Definition
Hydrogen and helium
Term
What is the principle of falsifiability?
Definition
The idea that scientific hypotheses must be capable of being proven wrong
Term
What makes an atom radioactive?
Definition
They have the wrong amount of neutrons and protons. Atoms with unstable nuclei are said to be radioactive.
Term
What makes up our solar system
Definition
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
Term
biology to chemistry
Definition
organic compounds, behavior of biomolecules.
Term
electromagnetic spectrum. Highest to lowest
Definition
Gamma, X-Rays, Ultra Violet, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio Waves.
Term
km/hr
Definition
Measures the speed of an object - kilometers per hour.
Term
What are elements
Definition
Any element consists only of one kind of atom.
Term
Why are atoms electrically neutral?
Definition
posite charges of protons and electrons balance each other, producing a zero net charge.
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
The number of protons each atom of a given element contains.
Term
Mass Number
Definition
the total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in the nucleus.
Term
Atomic Mass
Definition
The total mass of an atom
Term
Atomic Mass Unit
Definition
The mass of an element’s atoms listed in the periodic table as an average value based on the relative abundance of the element’s isotopes.
Term
What is an Isotope
Definition
Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons
Term
Electrons outermost shell
Definition
valence electrons.
Term
What are Valence Electrons?
Definition
An electron that is located in the outermost occupied shell in an atom and can participate in chemical bonding.
Term
How can the number of valence electrons for a given element be determined using the periodic table?
Definition
Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons, in general.
Term
Periodic table trends
Definition
all atoms to the left are larger than those to the right.
Term
What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds
Definition
Organic chemicals can be isolated from nature. Inorganic compounds, those based on elements other than carbon
Term
What is hydrocarbon?
Definition
Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen
Term
What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
Definition
A pure substance consists of only one type of atom, molecule, or ion. Methane, sodium chloride, and hydrogen are examples of pure substances. A mixture, on the other hand, is a collection of two or more pure substances that are physically mixed and in which each of the pure substances retains its properties. A mixture cannot be represented by a chemical formula because the proportions of the constituent substances in a mixture can vary.
Term
What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?
Definition
A homogeneous mixture is one in which the substances are evenly distributed.A heterogeneous mixture contains substances that are not evenly distributed, so different regions of the mixture have different properties.
Term
What is a solution?
Definition
A homogeneous mixture consisting of ions or molecules.
Term
sedimentary
Definition
Sandstone and limestone.
Sedimentary rocks generally form from pieces of preexisting rock, or from dissolved compounds worn away from other rocks, that are transported and deposited by water, wind, or ice. Sandstone, shale, and limestone are common sedimentary rocks.
Term
Ingenious rocks
Definition
Basalt and granite
Igneous rocks form by the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava
Term
Metamorphic Rocks
Definition
Marble and Slate
Metamorphic rocks form from preexisting rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) that, without melting, are transformed by high temperature, high pressure, or both. The word metamorphic means “changed in form.” Marble and slate are common metamorphic rocks.
Term
What are silicates?
Definition
silicates contain both silicon (Si) and oxygen (O). Most silicates contain other elements in their crystal structure as well
Term
What are non silicates?
Definition
nonsilicates include the carbonates, oxides, and such native elements as gold and silver, and a few others
Term
What are the two groups of silicates
Definition
ferromagnesian silicates and nonferromagnesian silicates
Term
What is the anatomy of the earth?
Definition
inner core, outer core, mantle, upper mantle and crust.
Term
Why did Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift fail?

What was the evidence?
Definition
No one could provide a driving force, how the continents of solid rock could move.

Fossil evidence
Term
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
Definition
Divergent Boundaries: where plates move away from each other
Convergent Boundaries: where plates move toward each other
Transform-fault Boundaries: where plates slide past each other
Term
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
heat naturally moves from a warmer region to a cooler one
Term
What is convection currents?
Definition
It creates the earth's magnetic field.
Term
oceanic-oceanic convergence
Definition
both plates have an oceanic leading edge
Term
Oceanic-continental convergence
Definition
when a plate with oceanic crust at its leading edge is subducted beneath a plate with continental crust along its leading edge. A deep ocean trench and a coastal mountain range form as a result.
Term
Continental-continental convergence
Definition
occurs when continental crust caps the leading edge of each colliding plate. Mountains form where crust wrinkles and pushes upward.
Term
What is weathering?
Definition
Slow changes by mechanical or chemical agents at or near Earth’s surface that disintegrate or decompose rock.
Term
What are the two types of weathering?
Definition
Mechanical and Chemical
Term
What is mechanical weathering?
Definition
Mechanical weathering, usually caused by water, physically breaks rock down into smaller pieces.
Term
What is chemical weathering?
Definition
the compounds in rock decompose into substances that are more stable in the surface environment.
Term
What are the layers of the atmosphere?
Definition
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, exosphere
Term
troposphere
Definition
this layer is relatively thin, the troposphere contains 90% of the atmosphere’s mass and almost all of Earth’s water vapor and clouds. This makes the troposphere the densest atmospheric layer.
Term
stratosphere
Definition
Ozone molecules form in the stratosphere and absorb ultraviolet
radiation (UV) from the Sun
Term
barometric pressure
Definition
atmospheric pressure and air pressure,
Term
What are the components of the Earth's atmosphere
Definition
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Neon, Helium, Methane, Hydrogen, Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide, Ozone.
Term
What is the Coriolis effect?
Definition
The Coriolis effect is the tendency for moving bodies not attached to the Earth (such as air molecules) to move to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere
Term
How does humidity differ from relative humidity?
Definition
The amount of water vapor in air is its humidity. Relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor currently in the air compared with the largest amount of water vapor that it is possible for the air to hold at that temperature
Term
What are the different types of air masses?
Definition
maritime arctic,continental arctic, maritime polar, continental polar,maritime tropical, continental tropical
Term
Seismometer
Definition
An instrument used to measure magnitude of an earthquake.
Term
GPS
Definition
is currently used to measure the relative motion of different points on Earth
Term
Satellite Remote Sensing
Definition
the primary tool for mapping landforms and observing rapid or slow changes on Earth’s surface.
Term
Population
Definition
A group of individuals of a single species that occupies a given area.
Term
Ecology
Definition
the study of how organisms interact with their environments
Term
Abiotic
Definition
temperature, sunlight, precipitation, rocks, ponds,
Term
Biotic
Definition
living organisms
Term
Community
Definition
consists of all the organisms that live within a given area
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
consists of all the organisms that live within a given area and all the abiotic features of their environment.
Term
Competition
Definition
any time two species in a community use the same resource—one that exists in limited supply
Term
niche
Definition
the total set of biotic and abiotic resources it uses within a community.
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
occurs when individuals of two species live in close association with one another
Term
Commensalism
Definition
a form of symbiosis that benefits
one species of the interaction while having no effect on the other.
Term
Parasitism
Definition
benefits one member of the interaction and harms the other
Term
Mutualism
Definition
a form of symbiosis that benefits both species
Term
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
dictates that energy is lost to the environment as heat in every chemical reaction.
Term
Temperate forests
Definition
found in areas with four distinct seasons, including a warm growing season and a cold winter
Term
Coniferous forests
Definition
evergreen forests, are found in areas with long, cold winters and short summer
Term
trophic levels
Definition
diagrammed food chain that contains multiple feeding levels
Term
Consumers
Definition
obtain food by eating other organisms
Term
Producers
Definition
species that live by making organic molecules out of inorganic materials and energy
Term
primary consumers
Definition
the species that eat the producers
Term
secondary consumers
Definition
include meat-eating carnivores
Term
Autotrophs
Definition
Living organisms that make their own food and organic materials.
Term
Heterotrophs
Definition
Living organisms that obtain their energy and organic materials from other living organisms or other outside sources.
Term
Exponential growth
Definition
A model of population growth in which a population grows at a rate proportional to its size.
Term
decomposers
Definition
bacteria and fungi
Term
What is natural selection?
Definition
Organisms with heritable, advantageous traits leave more offspring than organisms with other traits, causing advantageous traits to become more common in populations over time.
Term
Variation
Definition
Differences in a trait from one individual to another.
Term
Heritable
Definition
Traits that are passed from parents to offspring because they are at least partially determined by genes.
Term
Heterotrophs
Definition
Living organisms that obtain their energy and organic materials from other living organisms or other outside sources.
Term
Heterozygotes
Definition
Organisms with two different alleles for a given gene.
Term
Homozygotes
Definition
Organisms with two identical alleles for a given gene.
Term
Fitness
Definition
The number of offspring an organism produces in its lifetime compared to other organisms in the population
Term
Linnaean Classification
Definition
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
Term
Cladistic Classification
Definition
groups species together based on their evolutionary relationships and places birds squarely among the reptiles.
Term
What is a Cladogram
Definition
used to diagram the evolutionary relationships among species or other biological groups
Term
What are the three domains of life.
Definition
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Term
What are the characteristics of living things.
Definition
use energy, develop and grow, maintain themselves, can reproduce, are part of evolving populations.
Term
What is a chemical reaction?
Definition
one or more new compounds are formed as a result of the rearrangement of atoms.
Term
chemical equation
Definition
shows the substances about to react
Term
Law of conservation of energy?
Definition
energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Instead, it is merely converted from one form to another
Term
reaction rate
Definition
the rate at which the concentration of products increases (or equivalently, the rate at which reactants decrease).
Term
Prokaryotic
Definition
have no nucleus
Term
Eukaryotic
Definition
have a nucleus as well as structures called organelles not found in prokaryotes.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
A eukaryotic organelle that breaks down organic molecules to obtain ATP.
Term
Organelle
Definition
A structure in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that is bound by a membrane and performs a specific function for the cell.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The random movement of molecules resulting in the transport of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Term
osmosis
Definition
The diffusion of water
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
carrier proteins move molecules down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. requires no energy
Term
active transport
Definition
Transport in which energy is required
Term
endocytosis
Definition
a portion of the cell membrane folds inward and pinches off, enclosing the material within a vesicle inside the cell.
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
A process in which materials are moved out of a cell through the fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane.
Term
Meiosis
Definition
a special form of cell division used to make haploid cells, such as the egg cells and sperm cells of animals
Term
Mitosis
Definition
a form of cell division in which one parent cell divides into two daughter cells, each of which contains the same genetic information as the parent cell.
Term
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?
Definition
Note the difference between meiotic metaphase I and mitotic metaphase. In mitosis, the chromosomes line up individually at the equatorial plane; in meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes line up opposite each other
Term
recombination
Definition
The production of new combinations of genes different from those found in the parental chromosomes as a result of crossing over during meiosis.
Term
What are Mendel's Law's
Definition
Term
removal of grass
Definition
energy input to the first trophic level drops dramatically
Term
removal of owls
Definition
no drop in the 1st or 2nd trophic levels
Term
removal of rabbits
Definition
reduction in energy into the third trophic level
Term
removal of trees
Definition
energy input to the first trophic level drops dramatically
Term
reproducible result
Definition
different researchers following the published methods finding the same results
Term
radioactive tracer
Definition
diagnose diseases
study engine wear in automobiles
locate leaks in faulty pipe system
Term
radioactive treatment
Definition
provide radiation cancer therapy
determine fertilizer absorption in plants
Term
recombinant DNA technology
Definition
pedigree construction,engineering microorganisms
extract heavy metals
synthetic insulin production
Term
relationship between abiotic and biotic components or a forest ecosystem
Definition
precipitation causing weathering of rocks
Term
removal of foxes
Definition
no drop in the 1st or 2nd trophic levels
Term
What tool would be used to see Rilles on the moon's surface
Definition
Rayleigh telescope
Term
satellite remote sensing
Definition
assisting search and rescue operations
mapping the earth's surface
assessing flood damage
Term
scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Definition
The surface of a yeast nucleus
A thin section of a plant mitochondrion
the contours of an insects exoskeleton
Term
What is the result of seasonal temperature variation on organism living in temperate forest
Definition
deciduous tree sheds its leaves in the fall
Term
seismometers
Definition
measuring earthquake magnitude
Term
silicate
Definition
four oxygen joined to one silicon atom in a tetrahedron
Term
solution
Definition
A mixture in which particles of one or more substances are distributed uniformly throughout another substance.
Term
sound waves
Definition
vibrations of electromagnetic fields
vibrations of material medium
Term
TGCCAG
Definition
ACGGTC
______________
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
Term
transmission electron microscope
Definition
a virus coated with gold
an isolated bacterial cell membrane stained with heavy metal
Term
Ultraviolet
Definition
useful in killing bacteria and sanitizing instruments
Term
Ultraviolet
Definition
frequency higher than that of visible light
Term
what effect does acid rain have on a marble building
Definition
dissolves the marble
Term
what makes a systems approach valid for scientific study?
Definition
it enables scientists to take into account the various parts of a system when making predictions about system behavior.
Term
Which action produces a decrease in both the electrical force and the gravitational force between tow charged objects?
Definition
increasing the distance between the two objects-and
decreasing the electrical charge and the mass of both objects
Term
Which parts of an atomic nucleus experience both repulsion due to the electrical force and attraction due to the strong nuclear force?
Definition
protons
Term
which role does energy play n the formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen
Definition
energy is released to the enviornment
Term
Which sequences contain the correct arrangement of objects, increasing in distance from the sun?
Definition
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
Term
which statement describes how cells, tissues, and organs of the circulatory system provide cells with oxygen?
Definition
red blood cells found in blood pick up oxygen from lungs, returning to the heart to be pumped to body cells through arteries.
Term
which statement describes the primary thermonuclear reaction that occurs within the sun?
Definition
A certain mass of hydrogen atoms is fused together within the sun every second to become a lesser mass of helium atoms, and the missing mass is released as radiant energy.
Term
which statement describes the process of thermonuclear fusion in a helium-burning star
Definition
two helium nuclei are separated to form four hydrogen nuclei, releasing light energy.
Term
which statement is a requirement of scientific inquiry?
Definition
hypotheses must be original, and results must be falsifiable.
Term
which two phenomena are the result of gravity between the moon and the earth?
Definition
earth pulling the moon towards it and one side of the moon always facing the earth.
Term
which two statements are true of mitosis and not meiosis
Definition
it produces homologous chromosomes
it produces somatic cells
Term
which two statements correctly define Mendel's law of segregation
Definition
pairs of alleles on different chromosomes separate individually during gamete formation.

more than one allele determines the appearance of a single trait.
Term
which two statements describe both photosynthesis and respiration
Definition
oxygen is a product of photosynthesis but is consumed during respiration

photosynthesis is carried out by chloroplasts and respiration is carried out by mitochondria.
Term
which two statements illustrate the impact of a natural science discovery on another discipline?
Definition
advancements in fossil dating methods have provided important evidence for physicists studying the big bang theory

A better understanding of the physical properties of sound has allowed for developments in liquid crystal displays.
Term
which type of star will the sun become?
Definition
red giant
Term
why did the discovery of the cosmic background radiation with a wavelength of 7.35cm help to support the big bang theory of the universe?
Definition
the wavelength matches the predicted value for the current temperature of the universe

the radiation is coming from all directions with no specific source.
Term
why do many radiation therapy patients have low red blood cell counts
Definition
bone marrow makes blood cells, which grow rapidly, making them very sensitive to the effects of chemotherapy.
Term
why does an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause Earth's temperature to increase
Definition
it results in more intense ultraviolet radiation
Term
why does primary succession take longer to reach climax community than secondary succession?
Definition
soil is not immediately available in a primary succession environment and must accumulate over time.
Term
why must earth scientists understand chemistry?
Definition
chemical processes occur during the formation of sedimentary rocks

chemical reactions cause weathering of rocks, minerals, and mountain ranges.
Term
X-Rays
Definition
frequency higher than that of visible light,
Term
What are X-Rays used for?
Definition
used to identify broken bones.
Term
protists
Definition
giardia, a single celled heterotroph that causes severe gastric distress in its host.
Term
pulsar
Definition
radio telescope
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
Movement
Term
Life of a star
Definition
Gravity pushes inward
Thermal energy pushes outward
Term
A Black hole has?
Definition
The mass of a star
very small size
huge gravitational force
Term
Newtons 1st law
Definition
very object continues in its state of rest, or a uniform speed in a straight line, unless acted on by a nonzero force.
Term
Newtons 2nd law
Definition
The acceleration produced by a net force on an object is directly proportional to the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object
Term
Newtons 3rd law
Definition
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Term
Wave
Definition
vibration that travels.
Transports energy not mass
Term
Longitudinal Wave
Definition
Compressions and rarefactions
vibration in the same direction
sound
Term
Transverse wave
Definition
sinusoidal shape
vibration direction is perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels

radio, microwave, X-ray, earthquake p-waves
Term
How is sound created?
Definition
vibration
Term
how is the pitch of a sound changed?
Definition
freguency
Term
how is the volume or how loud a sound is changed
Definition
amplitude
Term
Reflection
Definition
wave bouncing off of a surface
Term
refraction
Definition
wave bending when passes through a medium
Term
diffraction
Definition
wave spreading when passing through a hole
Term
Interference
Definition
When two waves interact
Term
Doppler effect
Definition
when the source of the wave is moving
Term
Constructive Interference
Definition
Reinforcement
Term
Destructive Interference
Definition
cancellation of both waves
Term
Electromagnetic spectrum
Definition
radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultra violet, x-rays, gamma rays
Term
Fission
Definition
division of nucleus
Term
fusion
Definition
comes together
Term
Super Giant
Definition
brightest
Term
Phases of matter
Definition
solid, gas, liquid
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
is formed when an atom that tends to lose electrons is placed in contact with an atom that tends to gain them.
Term
covalent bond
Definition
is formed when two atoms that tend to gain electrons are brought into contact with each othe
Term
subduction zone
Definition
when one tectonic plate descends below another
Term
divergent boundary
Definition
plates moving away from one another.
<- ->
Term
Convergent boundary
Definition
plates come together. move toward one another -> <-
Term
Transform boundary
Definition
plates slide past each other.

Example: San Andreas
Term
Convection
Definition
The transfer of thermal energy in a gas or liquid by means of currents in the heated fluid. The fluid flows, carrying energy with it.
Term
Convection current
Definition
Air that rises upward carrying thermal energy.
Term
Convergent plate boundary
Definition
A place where neighboring plates move toward each other; old lithosphere is destroyed here.
Term
Cosmology
Definition
The study of the origin and structure of the physical universe.
Term
What are types of chemical weathering
Definition
dissolution, oxidation, hydrolysis
Term
Red giant
Definition
Cool giant stars above main-sequence stars on the H-R diagram.
Term
Reduction
Definition
The process whereby a reactant gains one or more electrons
Term
Protists
Definition
Guardia
a single celled heterotroph that causes severe gastric distress in its host.
Term
pulsar
Definition
Radio telescope
Term
quasar
Definition
Radio telescope
Term
radio waves
Definition
used to transmit AM and FM radio stations
Term
physics
Definition
the study of electricity and electrical currents
Term
physics 2
Definition
the study of force, energy, heat, sound, light and subatomic energies
Term
plants
Definition
xylem and phloem transport nutrients
Term
plants
Definition
mosses,
multicelular
terrestrial
photosynthetic
autotrophs
Term
prokaryotic cells
Definition
may possess pili
Term
microwaves
Definition
frequency lower than that of visible light
Term
millivolts
Definition
potential difference across a nerve synapse
Term
observations
Definition
a collection of measurements, notes, images, etc. to describe a phenomenon
Term
ohms
Definition
used to measure resistance to an electrical current
Term
parasitic relationships
Definition
tapeworms in people and fleas living on a dog.
Term
mathematics 2
Definition
using spectral lines to determine a star's composition
Term
metamorphic rocks
Definition
contain minerals from igneous or sedentary rocks
can be foliated
can be porphyritic
Term
meteor shower
Definition
can be seen with the unaided eye
Term
micrometers
Definition
diameter of lung alveoli
Term
microwaves
Definition
useful in cooking and heating food.
Term
magnetic
Definition
it deflects moving charged particles
if forms concentric rings around a current-carrying wire
Term
majority of energy a cow receives from eating grass
Definition
growth and reproduction
maintenance
feces
Term
mammals
Definition
endothermic and give birth to live young
Term
marble
Definition
large interlocking crystals of calcite
non-foliated
metamorphic
Term
mathematics
Definition
used to determine the distance to nearby stars using parallax
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
propagation of sound
driving in a straight line at a constant speed
Term
light waves
Definition
results from accelerating electrons
exhibits refraction
Term
two effects of glaciers on earth's surface?
Definition
enhance soil creep on steep slopes
transport sediment and deposit it as moraines
Term
liters
Definition
volume of air that can be inhaled in a single breath.
Term
is composed of primarily rock and nitrogen ice
Definition
Neptune
Term
is near the final stage of evolution
Definition
White dwarf
Term
in no longer undergoing fusion
Definition
White dwarf
Term
is the most massive planet
Definition
Jupiter
Term
joules
Definition
work done pushing a refrigerator across a room
Term
how is tectonic movement producing the Himalayan mountain ranges.
Definition
a lithospheric plate is colliding with another lithospheric plate of similar buoyancy, causing upward motion, or continental plate is colliding with another continental plate causing upward motion.
Term
hygrometer
Definition
inferring the structure of the earth's interior
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a scientific idea undergoing testing
Term
in which group do all atoms have seven valence electrons in the ground state?
Definition
halogens
Term
infrared
Definition
frequency lower than that of visible light
Term
how does nitrogen move between abiotic and biotic components of an environment?
Definition
It accounts for the beginnings of both space and time in the universe.
Term
how does the sequence change create genetic variation
Definition
a point mutation causes amino acid changes in proteins
Term
How is energy transferred by radio waves?
Definition
electrons emitted by the transmitting station are picked up by the radio receiver where they are converted to sound.
Term
how is table salt bonded together?
Definition
chlorine and sodium fill their outermost energy shells by donating or gaining electrons, electrons n salt are transferred to form cations and anions.
Term
has rotation axis that is tilted 98 degrees to the perpendicular of its orbital plane
Definition
Uranus
Term
has the lowest density of any planet
Definition
Saturn
Term
heterogeneous mixture
Definition
contains substances that are not evenly distributed
Term
how do water molecules react to freezing
Definition
They move slightly away from each other.

They move in a more orderly arrangement
they decrease in translational energy
Term
How does light act as a wave
Definition
It interferes with itself resulting in a diffraction pattern
it exhibits a double slit interference pattern

*reflection, refraction and diffraction
Term
gamma rays
Definition
frequency higher than that of visible light
Term
gamma rays
Definition
used in medicine for cancer treatment
Term
granite
Definition
coarse grained and plutonic
Term
gravitational potential energy
Definition
energy increased as an object is raised to a greater height
Term
has a very strong magnetic field that produces the highest radiation levels ever measured in the solar system
Definition
Jupiter
Term
fishes
Definition
some posses cartilaginous skeletons
Term
fungi
Definition
yeast, single celled heterotroph used in baking
Term
fungi
Definition
form symbiotic relationships with plant roots

autotrophs
Term
electricity
Definition
it is induced by the flow of charged particles in the earth's liquid outer core

it is a flow of charged particles

it occurs when there is a difference in electrical potential
Term
endocytosis
Definition
an invagination of the cell membrane brings bacteria into the cell
Term
eukaryotic cells
Definition
posses a nucleus
can be unicellular or multicellular
have a cell membrane
Term
examples of newtons third law of motion
Definition
a cannon recoils after shooting a Cannon.

a rocket expels exhaust gases with the same force with which the gases propel the rocket
Term
DNA fingerprinting
Definition
matching evidence to a suspect
determination of paternity
Term
earth sciences
Definition
the study of geology, meteorology, and oceanography
Term
earth's core
Definition
composed primarily of nickel and iron, cannot be penetrated by S-Waves
Term
earth's mantle
Definition
contains iron-rich silicate rock, and contains Mohorovicic discontinuity
Term
effects of Earth's Hadley cells
Definition
regions of high rainfall in the tropics
clear skies in the subtropical desert
trade winds
Term
conclusion
Definition
the summary of the results of an experiment or set of experiments
Term
constellation
Definition
can be seen with the unaided eye
Term
describe the role of solar energy
Definition
plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis

solar energy warms air at the equator which rises and spreads towards the poles, circulating in large convection currents
Term
diamond
Definition
carbon arranged in a crystal lattice
Term
diffusion
Definition
there is movement of oxygen molecules across a membrane from areas of high to low concentration.

The random movement of molecules resulting in the transport of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Term
chemical
Definition
random molecular motion.
energy stored in glucose
Term
chemistry
Definition
the study of the interactions between c compounds and molecules
Term
chemistry
Definition
determining which elements are in a meteorite
Term
chemistry 2
Definition
testing a prediction of the theory of relativity
Term
cladistic taxonomy
Definition
A system of classification based on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of groups of organisms, rather than purely on shared features.

Many modern taxonomists prefer cladistics to the traditional hierarchies of Linnean classification systems.
Term
both light waves and sound waves
Definition
can reflect from rough surfaces
Term
both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
Definition
contain chromosomal DNA
Term
bunny rabbit lethal virus example
Definition
process of natural selection and genetic drift
Term
burns helium as its primary fuel
Definition
red giant
Term
burns hydrogen as its primary fuel
Definition
main sequence star
Term
atmospheric conditions experience by someone on the ground after a cold front passes
Definition
air is pushed up abruptly as the front approaches and descends after the passage of the front, air temperature increases and then decreases after the passage of the front
Term
begins to have carbon build-up in the core
Definition
red giant
Term
biology
Definition
assessing the impact of a meteor on an ecosystem
Term
biology
Definition
the study of living organisms
Term
birds
Definition
have hollow bones and are endothermic
Term
active transport
Definition
carrier proteins using energy transport large organic molecules across the membrane.

movement of molecules across the cell membrane by a carrier protein that requires energy input
Term
animals
Definition
sponges, multicellular heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by ingestion, spiders, multicellular heterotrophs with an exoskeleton
Term
astronomy
Definition
the study of stars and planets
Term
at what speed do all the electromagnetic waves propagate in a vacuum
Definition
at the speed of light, c-3.0x10"8 m/s
Term
exothermic
Definition
Energy released by reaction
reactants → products + energy
Term
endothermic
Definition
Consumes energy
energy + reactants → products
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