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Definition
| very small particle that makes up all matter |
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| a region located at the center of an atom that contains most of the mass of the atom |
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| neutral particle that has no charge |
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| a neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom |
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| a negatively charged particle that occupies the space in the atom outside the nucleus |
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| a single wavelength of light that can be seen when the light from an excited element passes through a prism |
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Definition
| regions of space in which electrons can move about the nucleus of an atom |
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| a negatively charged particle that occupies the space in that atom outside the nucleus |
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Definition
| pure substance made from atoms that all have the same number of protons |
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| the number of protons an atom has in its nucleus |
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| the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
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Definition
| one of two or more atoms of an element having the same number of protons in their nuclei, but a different number of neutrons |
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| weighted-average mass of the mixture of an element's isotopes |
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Definition
| an atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost an electrons |
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Definition
| a pur substance that contains two or more elements |
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Definition
| a shorthand expression that uses atomic symbols and subscripts to show the elements and the number of atoms of each element that combine to form a compound |
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Definition
| neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing |
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Definition
| a shorthand expression that uses atomic symbols and subscripts to show the elements and the number of atoms of each element that combine to form a compound |
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Definition
| an electrical attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in an ionic compound |
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Definition
| the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atoms of an element |
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| a chemical bond that forms when atoms share electrons |
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| elements that are usually shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and are solids at room temperature |
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| a bond formed when many metal atoms share their pooled electrons |
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Definition
| the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets |
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| the ability of a substance to be pulled into wires |
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Definition
| a regular, repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules |
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Definition
| the smallest repeating pattern that shows how the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a crystal |
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| a covalent compound made up of many small, repeating units linked together in a chain |
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| a small molecule that forms a link in a polymer |
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Definition
| the movement of particles in matter in which the particles move in all directions |
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| a state of matter with a fixed shape and a fixed volume |
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Definition
| a state of matter with a fixed volume but not a fixed shape |
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Definition
| a state of matter that has no fixed shape |
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Definition
| a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object |
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| the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in a material |
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Definition
| the temperature at which the material changes from a solid to a liquid |
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Definition
| the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid |
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| the change of matter from the liquid state to the gaseous state |
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| vaporization that occurs within a liquid |
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| the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas |
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| vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid |
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Definition
| the change of matter from a gas to a liquid state |
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Definition
| the change of matter from a solid state to a gaseous state without going through the liquid state |
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| the change of matter from a gaseous state to a solid state without going through the liquid state |
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| a horizontal row of elements |
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| a vertical column of elements (also known as family) |
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| the collective properties of common metals |
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| the ability of a material to transfer electricity or thermal energy |
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Definition
| an element in Group 17 of the periodic table |
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Definition
| an element in Group 18 of the periodic table |
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Definition
| an unstable atomi nucleus changes into another nucleus by emitting one or more particles and energy |
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Definition
| describes an unstable nucleus that can release nuclear particles and energy |
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Definition
| the change of one atom into another through nuclear decay |
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Definition
| an element that has only radioactive isotopes |
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Definition
| the timed needed for one-half the mass of a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay |
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| an element that is made in a laboratory or by nuclear reactions |
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| a large machine that is capable of making particles move very fast |
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| any characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material itself |
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Definition
| the ability of a material to transfer heat by collisions between its particles |
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Definition
| the ability of a material to transfer electric charges through a material |
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Definition
| any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same |
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| the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances |
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| a change of one or more substances into other substances |
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| a process in which substances mix uniformly with one another |
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| law of conservation of energy |
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Definition
| energy is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions |
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Definition
| the starting material in a chemical reaction |
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| the new substances that result from a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| a particle consisting of two atoms |
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Definition
| a number placed in front of a symbol or a formula in a chemical reaction |
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| law of conservation of mass |
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Definition
| the total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after reaction |
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Definition
| a process that releases energy (hot) |
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| a process that absorbs energy (cold) |
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