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Science unit test
studying for science unit test
41
Science
8th Grade
02/28/2013

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Term
The state of matter for all minerals
Definition
solid
Term
The color of a mineral’s powder (found by rubbing the mineral against a tile)
Definition
streak
Term
Property of minerals that can be found by dividing the mass by the volume
Definition
density
Term
The structure created as a mineral grows atom by atom
Definition
crystal
Term
The structure created as a mineral grows atom by atom
Definition
Naturally occurring
Inorganic
Solid
Crystal structure
Defined chemical composition
Term
The type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the ground (forms large crystals)
Definition
intrusive rock
Term
The particles that make up a rock and give it texture.
Definition
Grain
Term
Describes a metamorphic rock that has a randomly arranged grain
Definition
Nonfoliated
Term
The 2 elements in Silica (one of the most common materials in Earth’s crust)
Definition
Oxygen and Silicon
Term
The two main differences between a rock and a mineral
Definition
-Rocks are mixtures (they have no defined chemical formula)
-Rocks sometimes contain organic material
Term
Type of rock that forms when an exsiting rock is exposed to high levels of pressure and heat
Definition
Metamorphic
Term
Substance that cools to form igneous rock
Definition
magma and lava
Term
The parent rock of quartzite
Definition
sandstone
Term
The 4 steps of sedimentary rock formation (in order)
Definition
1.Erosion
2.Deposition
3.Compaction
4.Cementation
Term
The force that drives the rock cycle
Definition
Plate Tectonics (the movement of the continental plates)
Term
The type of weathering that creates only physical changes
Definition
Mechanical Weathering
Term
This form of accelerated weathering is caused by sulfur and nitrogen pollutants dissolved in water
Definition
acid rain
Term
The process hat removes valuable metals from ores
Definition
Smelting
Term
The structure created as a mineral grows atom by atom
Definition
crystal
Term
The structure created as a mineral grows atom by atom
Definition
crystal
Term
The type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the ground (forms large crystals)
Definition
intrusive rock
Term
The particles that make up a rock and give it texture.
Definition
Grain
Term
Describes a metamorphic rock that has a randomly arranged grain
Definition
Nonfoliated
Term
The 2 elements in Silica (one of the most common materials in Earth’s crust)
Definition
Oxygen and Silicon
Term
The two main differences between a rock and a mineral
Definition
-Rocks are mixtures (they have no defined chemical formula)
-Rocks sometimes contain organic material
Term
Type of rock that forms when an exsiting rock is exposed to high levels of pressure and heat
Definition
Metamorphic
Term
Substance that cools to form igneous rock
Definition
magma and lava
Term
The parent rock of quartzite
Definition
sandstone
Term
The 4 steps of sedimentary rock formation (in order)
Definition
1.Erosion
2.Deposition
3.Compaction
4.Cementation
Term
The force that drives the rock cycle
Definition
Plate Tectonics (the movement of the continental plates)
Term
The type of weathering that creates only physical changes
Definition
Mechanical Weathering
Term
This form of accelerated weathering is caused by sulfur and nitrogen pollutants dissolved in water
Definition
acid rain
Term
The process hat removes valuable metals from ores
Definition
Smelting
Term
2 rocks that contain calcium and weather rapidly when exposed to carbonic acid.
Definition
Limestone and Marble
Term
A U.S. state where weathering occurs at a fast rate
Definition
Good answers include Hawaii and Florida
Term
The term that describes how an object reflects light
Definition
Luster
Term
The type of igneous rock that is fine grained or glassy
Definition
Extrusive Rock
Term
A form of mechanical weathering based on the fact that ice has 9% more volume than an equal mass of liquid water.
Definition
Ice Wedging or Frost Action
Term
The type of sedimentary rock formed from particles of weathered rocks
Definition
Clastic Rock
Term
The type of mechanical weathering that produces smooth, rounded river rocks and stone arches in deserts
Definition
Abrasion
Term
Examples of mechanical and chemical weathering that are caused by plants
Definition
Good answers include roots growing into cracks in rocks and breaking the rock apart and mosses producing mild acids to break down rock for their nutrients
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