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Science - Unit 1 - Mix and Flow of Matter
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79
Science
8th Grade
11/19/2017

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Term
To Flow
Definition
To move past each other in small groups from one place to another. Things that flow do not have a set shape
Term
What are the three states of matter, explain each
Definition
Solids have a set and volume. Liquids have a set volume but their shape depends on the container they are being stored in. Gases shape and volume depends on the container they are being stored in.
Term
What is it called to go from
gas -> liquid
liquid -> gas
Definition
condensation
evaporation (vaporization)
Term
What is it called to go from
gas -> solid
solid -> gas
Definition
sublimation
Term
What is it called to go from
solid -> liquid
liquid -> solid
Definition
melting (fusion)
freezing (solidification)
Term
What is morphing
Definition
to change state. ex. in a movie a monster changes to a gas to slide underneath a door then changes back to its solid state
Term
What is an example of something sublimating?
Definition
dry ice
Term
What is the universal solvent and why?
Definition
Water because many things are able to dissolve in it.
Term
What is a pure substance?
Definition
A substance with only one type of particle.
Term
What is a mixture?
Definition
A substance with more than one type of particle
Term
Homogenous
Definition
A substance with two or more phases that you can not see both parts. The particles are intermingled
Term
Heterogenous
Definition
A substance with two or more phases that you can see both parts.
Term
What kind of mixture is milk
Definition
homogenous
Term
What kind of mixture is hotsauce
Definition
heterogenous
Term
Suspension
Definition
When the particles slowly settle/separate
Term
Colloid
Definition
When the particles do not settle/separate
Term
Emulsion
Definition
A mixture is prevented from joining by an emulsifying agent
Term
Why does sugar dissolve in water?
Definition
Sugar is a solute and water is a solvent. The sugar particles are more attracted to the water particles than to themselves. The water works its way in and pulls apart the sugar particles.
Term
What is the solute and solvent for
Ocean water
Iced tea (made from powder)
Definition
Solvent Solute
Water Salt
Water Iced Tea Powder
Term
What can you do to speed up a solute dissolving in a solvent
Definition
You can agitate, break it up, or change the temperature of the solution to help it dissolve faster.
Term
Unsaturated solution
Definition
more solute will dissolve in the solvent at a specific temperature
Term
Saturated solution
Definition
no more solute will dissolve in the solvent at the same temperature
Term
Supersaturated solution
Definition
there is too much solute for the solvent to dissolve at that specific temperature so it is heated to dissolve more solute.
Term
Solution
Definition
A homogenous mixture with two or more substances
Term
Solute
Definition
A substance that dissolves in a solvent
Term
Solvent
Definition
A substance that dissolves a solute
Term
What should you know and take advantage of to separate a mixture?
Definition
You should know the properties in the mixture
Term
What methods can you use to separate a mixture. Explain each
Definition
You can you the desert tent method, the distillation method, fractional distillation. You can also use a filter, magnets, tweezers, chemicals can even take one part of the mixture out.
Term
What is desalinating water and how can you do it?
Definition
To desalinate is to remove salt from something. You can desalinate water by evaporating the water and then collect it. It will leave the salt where the salt water used to be.
Term
How do we get petroleum and what is it used for
Definition
Crude petroleum is taken out of the ground. It is prossed to be be used for burning, vehicle fuel, and many other kinds of work
Term
How do we seperate different types of petroleum
Definition
You can use fractional distillation which turns the petroleum into a vapour that condenses at different temperatures into the different levels.
Term
How can we remove a valuble mineral from ore
Definition
The ore is crushed then a chemical disolves the mineral. Theh dissolved parts pass through a filter and zinc is added to release the valuble mineral and it sinks to the bottom.
Term
Distillatation
Definition
Purifying a liqud through heating and cooling.
Term
Viscosity
Definition
The thickness of thinness of a substance or the resistance to flow
Term
Flow rate
Definition
The time it takes for a substance to flow from point a to point b
Term
What happens to the viscosity of a liquid when it is heated/cooled
Definition
Heated lower viscosity, cooled higher viscosity
High viscosity - Honey Low viscosity - Water
Term
What happens to the viscosity of a gas when it is heated/cooled
Definition
Heated higher viscosity, cooled lower viscosity
High viscosity - air Low viscosity - helium
Term
What does resistance to flow create
Definition
Internal friction
Term
What happens when particles flow by each other
Definition
The attractive forces slow them down
Term
What are some occupations that use viscosity and why is it important that they get the viscosity right every time.
Definition
Cooking - right consistency or people wont like it, they need to know how to make things thicker or thinner. Makeup - the same everytime, stays on and applies well. Art - paints arent too runny or thick. Mechanics - but the right fluid in each different car.
Term
How is it possible for a very thick substance like mollasses travel about 60km/h on January 15 1919 at the United States Industrial Alcohol Company.
Definition
The molasses were in a tank. It was a very hto day. The contents were heated and they expanded. The internal pressure was too great for the walls to contain. This caused the tank to burst.
Term
Formula for density
Definition
m/v
Term
Formula for mass
Definition
(d)(v)
Term
Formula for volume
Definition
m/d
Term
How to find the volume of regular objects
Definition
lxw
Term
How to find the volume of irregular objects
Definition
using archimedies priciple put the object in a full glass of water. The volume of water that spilled out = the volume of the irregular object
Term
How do you find the units of measurement
Definition
Cancel common units ex: g/cm2 and g it would be cm2
Term
Will a substance float in water if its density if less than 1?
Definition
Waters density is 1 so if a substances density is less than one it will float in water
Term
Will a substance float in water if its density if more than 1?
Definition
Waters density is 1 so if a substances density is less than one it will not float in water
Term
What will happen if the substance have the density equal to one if you place it in water
Definition
Waters density is 1 so if a substances density is less than one it will be suspended in water
Term
Descibe the density of the three states of matter
Definition
Solid - close particles, lots of attractive forces. Liquid some space in between particles, some attractive forces. Gas most space in between particles, very little attractive forces
Term
Mass
Definition
the amount of matter in an object
Term
Volume
Definition
the measurement of mass
Term
Weight
Definition
the force of gravity put on mass
Term
Force
Definition
a push, pull or anything that causes motion
Term
Gravity
Definition
a natural force that causes objects to move to the center of the earth
Term
What is the downward force of gravity on Earth
Definition
9.8N for every kg of mass
Term
Buoyancy
Definition
the tendency for things to float in liquids.
Term
Buoyant Force
Definition
the upward force on objects in fluids.
Term
Why does floating ocour?
Definition
The liquid particles push the object against the force of gravity away from the center of the earth.
Term
What is buoyancy measured in
Definition
Newtons
Term
Why can something very large and very heavy float in water
Definition
The weight needs to be spread in a big enough area. Anything can float if so. If the weight is spread out over a large surface area the average density will be low enough for it to float. Design and material also affects buoyancy.
Term
What is average density
Definition
the total mass of substances on board divided by the total volume
Term
What is Archimedes principle
Definition
To measure the volume of an irregular solid you can put it in a cup/tub full of water and measure the volume of the water that spills out. You will get the volume of the object
Term
What is neutral buoyancy
Definition
Gravity is equal to buoyancy
Term
What is the relationship between buoyancy and density
Definition
Buoyancy depends on density of a substance.
Term
Why will a boat float but a pin sinks
Definition
The boat has a larger surface area, therefore, lowering the average density. The pin has a very small surface area causing it to sink
Term
Hydrometer
Definition
A hydrometer measures a liquids density
Term
Formula for pressure
Definition
force / area
Term
What can force be measured in?
Definition
n/m2 or pascals
1 n/m2 = 1 Pascal
Term
Which of the three states of matter can be compressed
Definition
If gas is sealed in a container, far enough apart to still be a gas, external force applied is absorbed and the gas is compressed
Solid and liquid particles are almost as close as they can be.
They are incompressible.
Term
What is earths atmospheric pressure and why does air stay on the earth?
Definition
The earth's atmospheric pressure is approx. 160 km. Gravity keeps the envelope of air around Earth
Term
What happens to your body when there is a change of altitude?
Definition
It there is a difference of altitude great enough, your ears will equalize making your ears ‘pop’ There are less air particles as the elevation increases.
Term
How do you measure air pressure?
Definition
Using a barometer
Term
Unbalanced Force
Definition
If the air pressure in a container is lower than the air pressure outside, the container walls will buckle in.
Term
What are Hydraulics
Definition
The study of pressure in liquids
Term
What are Hydraulic Systems
Definition
Devices that transmit applied forces through a liquid to another thing because of pressure are called hydraulic systems.
Term
What happens when a force is applied to a liquid
Definition
Liquid flows away from the applied force in all directions
Term
What are Pneumatics Systems
Definition
They are similar to hydraulics. Instead they use gas and are usually open systems
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