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Science Probe 10 - ch. 8
Classifying Chemical Compounds
18
Science
10th Grade
04/12/2009

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Term

Organic Compounds

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Definition
Compounds that have a high percentage of carbon by mass, and also include hydrogen
Term

Inorganic Compounds

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Definition
Compounds that do not contain a high percentage of carbon
Term

Acids

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Definition
Substances that release H+ ions in solutions and have a pH of less than 7
Term

Bases

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Definition
Substances that release OH- ions in solution and have a pH of greater than 7
Term

Salts

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Definition
Substances that release positive and negative ions in solution that are not H+ or OH -,
Term

Aqueous

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Definition
a solution of substances dissolved in water
Term

Acidity

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Definition
a measure of the relative amounts of H+ and OH- in a solution.  The higher the relative number of H+ the higher the acidity
Term

pH Scale

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Definition
a scale used to describe how acidic or basic a solution is
Term

Lewis Diagram

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Definition
a diagram showing the chemical symbol of the element(s) surrounded by their valence electrons
Term

Bonding Pair

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Definition
an electron from one element that pairs with an electron from another element to bond the two elements together
Term

Electron Dot Diagram

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Definition
another name for a Lewis diagram
Term

Octet Rule

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Definition
when bonding, each atom has a tendency to complete its valence shell to match its nearest Noble gas.  All but one Noble gas have eight valence electrons
Term

Covalent Chemical Bond

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Definition
the type of bond formed by a bonding pair of electrons
Term

Lone Electron Pairs

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Definition
A pair of electrons that are not a bonding pair and therefore do not form a chemical bond
Term

Organic Chemistry

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Definition
The chemistry of carbon compounds
Term

Structural Formulas

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Definition
a simplified Lewis diagram that shows the number of atoms in each organic molecule plus the arrangement of those atoms
Term

Hydrocarbons

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Definition
an organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon.  It is the simplest of all organic compounds
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