Term
|
Definition
| To move past each other in small groups from one place to another. Things that flow do not have a set shape |
|
|
Term
| What are the three states of matter, explain each |
|
Definition
| Solids have a set and volume. Liquids have a set volume but their shape depends on the container they are being stored in. Gases shape and volume depends on the container they are being stored in. |
|
|
Term
What is it called to go from
gas -> liquid
liquid -> gas |
|
Definition
condensation
evaporation (vaporization) |
|
|
Term
What is it called to go from
gas -> solid
solid -> gas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is it called to go from
solid -> liquid
liquid -> solid |
|
Definition
melting (fusion)
freezing (solidification) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to change state. ex. in a movie a monster changes to a gas to slide underneath a door then changes back to its solid state |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of something sublimating? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the universal solvent and why? |
|
Definition
| Water because many things are able to dissolve in it. |
|
|
Term
| What is a pure substance? |
|
Definition
| A substance with only one type of particle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance with more than one type of particle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance with two or more phases that you can not see both parts. The particles are intermingled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance with two or more phases that you can see both parts. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of mixture is milk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of mixture is hotsauce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the particles slowly settle/separate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the particles do not settle/separate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mixture is prevented from joining by an emulsifying agent |
|
|
Term
| Why does sugar dissolve in water? |
|
Definition
| Sugar is a solute and water is a solvent. The sugar particles are more attracted to the water particles than to themselves. The water works its way in and pulls apart the sugar particles. |
|
|
Term
What is the solute and solvent for
Ocean water
Iced tea (made from powder) |
|
Definition
Solvent Solute
Water Salt
Water Iced Tea Powder |
|
|
Term
| What can you do to speed up a solute dissolving in a solvent |
|
Definition
| You can agitate, break it up, or change the temperature of the solution to help it dissolve faster. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more solute will dissolve in the solvent at a specific temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no more solute will dissolve in the solvent at the same temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is too much solute for the solvent to dissolve at that specific temperature so it is heated to dissolve more solute. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A homogenous mixture with two or more substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that dissolves in a solvent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that dissolves a solute |
|
|
Term
| What should you know and take advantage of to separate a mixture? |
|
Definition
| You should know the properties in the mixture |
|
|
Term
| What methods can you use to separate a mixture. Explain each |
|
Definition
| You can you the desert tent method, the distillation method, fractional distillation. You can also use a filter, magnets, tweezers, chemicals can even take one part of the mixture out. |
|
|
Term
| What is desalinating water and how can you do it? |
|
Definition
| To desalinate is to remove salt from something. You can desalinate water by evaporating the water and then collect it. It will leave the salt where the salt water used to be. |
|
|
Term
| How do we get petroleum and what is it used for |
|
Definition
| Crude petroleum is taken out of the ground. It is prossed to be be used for burning, vehicle fuel, and many other kinds of work |
|
|
Term
| How do we seperate different types of petroleum |
|
Definition
| You can use fractional distillation which turns the petroleum into a vapour that condenses at different temperatures into the different levels. |
|
|
Term
| How can we remove a valuble mineral from ore |
|
Definition
| The ore is crushed then a chemical disolves the mineral. Theh dissolved parts pass through a filter and zinc is added to release the valuble mineral and it sinks to the bottom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purifying a liqud through heating and cooling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thickness of thinness of a substance or the resistance to flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The time it takes for a substance to flow from point a to point b |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the viscosity of a liquid when it is heated/cooled |
|
Definition
Heated lower viscosity, cooled higher viscosity
High viscosity - Honey Low viscosity - Water |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the viscosity of a gas when it is heated/cooled |
|
Definition
Heated higher viscosity, cooled lower viscosity
High viscosity - air Low viscosity - helium |
|
|
Term
| What does resistance to flow create |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when particles flow by each other |
|
Definition
| The attractive forces slow them down |
|
|
Term
| What are some occupations that use viscosity and why is it important that they get the viscosity right every time. |
|
Definition
| Cooking - right consistency or people wont like it, they need to know how to make things thicker or thinner. Makeup - the same everytime, stays on and applies well. Art - paints arent too runny or thick. Mechanics - but the right fluid in each different car. |
|
|
Term
| How is it possible for a very thick substance like mollasses travel about 60km/h on January 15 1919 at the United States Industrial Alcohol Company. |
|
Definition
| The molasses were in a tank. It was a very hto day. The contents were heated and they expanded. The internal pressure was too great for the walls to contain. This caused the tank to burst. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to find the volume of regular objects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to find the volume of irregular objects |
|
Definition
| using archimedies priciple put the object in a full glass of water. The volume of water that spilled out = the volume of the irregular object |
|
|
Term
| How do you find the units of measurement |
|
Definition
| Cancel common units ex: g/cm2 and g it would be cm2 |
|
|
Term
| Will a substance float in water if its density if less than 1? |
|
Definition
| Waters density is 1 so if a substances density is less than one it will float in water |
|
|
Term
| Will a substance float in water if its density if more than 1? |
|
Definition
| Waters density is 1 so if a substances density is less than one it will not float in water |
|
|
Term
| What will happen if the substance have the density equal to one if you place it in water |
|
Definition
| Waters density is 1 so if a substances density is less than one it will be suspended in water |
|
|
Term
| Descibe the density of the three states of matter |
|
Definition
| Solid - close particles, lots of attractive forces. Liquid some space in between particles, some attractive forces. Gas most space in between particles, very little attractive forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of matter in an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force of gravity put on mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a push, pull or anything that causes motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a natural force that causes objects to move to the center of the earth |
|
|
Term
| What is the downward force of gravity on Earth |
|
Definition
| 9.8N for every kg of mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency for things to float in liquids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the upward force on objects in fluids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The liquid particles push the object against the force of gravity away from the center of the earth. |
|
|
Term
| What is buoyancy measured in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why can something very large and very heavy float in water |
|
Definition
| The weight needs to be spread in a big enough area. Anything can float if so. If the weight is spread out over a large surface area the average density will be low enough for it to float. Design and material also affects buoyancy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the total mass of substances on board divided by the total volume |
|
|
Term
| What is Archimedes principle |
|
Definition
| To measure the volume of an irregular solid you can put it in a cup/tub full of water and measure the volume of the water that spills out. You will get the volume of the object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gravity is equal to buoyancy |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between buoyancy and density |
|
Definition
| Buoyancy depends on density of a substance. |
|
|
Term
| Why will a boat float but a pin sinks |
|
Definition
| The boat has a larger surface area, therefore, lowering the average density. The pin has a very small surface area causing it to sink |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hydrometer measures a liquids density |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can force be measured in? |
|
Definition
n/m2 or pascals
1 n/m2 = 1 Pascal |
|
|
Term
| Which of the three states of matter can be compressed |
|
Definition
If gas is sealed in a container, far enough apart to still be a gas, external force applied is absorbed and the gas is compressed
Solid and liquid particles are almost as close as they can be.
They are incompressible. |
|
|
Term
| What is earths atmospheric pressure and why does air stay on the earth? |
|
Definition
| The earth's atmospheric pressure is approx. 160 km. Gravity keeps the envelope of air around Earth |
|
|
Term
| What happens to your body when there is a change of altitude? |
|
Definition
| It there is a difference of altitude great enough, your ears will equalize making your ears ‘pop’ There are less air particles as the elevation increases. |
|
|
Term
| How do you measure air pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the air pressure in a container is lower than the air pressure outside, the container walls will buckle in. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of pressure in liquids |
|
|
Term
| What are Hydraulic Systems |
|
Definition
| Devices that transmit applied forces through a liquid to another thing because of pressure are called hydraulic systems. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when a force is applied to a liquid |
|
Definition
| Liquid flows away from the applied force in all directions |
|
|
Term
| What are Pneumatics Systems |
|
Definition
| They are similar to hydraulics. Instead they use gas and are usually open systems |
|
|
Term
| What are 6 forms of natural light? |
|
Definition
| sun, stars, moon, fire and lava, lighting, fire, bioluminescent(jellyfish, glow worms) |
|
|
Term
| What are 5 forms of artificial lights? |
|
Definition
| Chemoluminescent, Bioluminescent, Phoshorescent, Florescent, LED, Incandescent |
|
|
Term
| How is the cost of lighting calculated? |
|
Definition
K- Kilowatt hour T- time on for C - cost per KW/H
(W/1000)= (K) (K)(T)(C)=cost
Watts per hour divided by 1000 = Kilowatt per hour
KW/H multiplied by hours it is run for
*answer multiplied by cost per KW/H |
|
|
Term
Label this diagram
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of energy we can see |
|
|
Term
| What are the basic principles of light? |
|
Definition
| can be transformed into thermal, chemical, and electrical energy. Spreads out in all directions. |
|
|
Term
Label this diagram
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Light that travels at the same wavelength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strands of glass underneath the ground that carries light for telephones and computers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refraction is the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another. |
|
|
Term
Label this diagram
[image] |
|
Definition
Refraction Diagram
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thinner on the edges and thicker in the middle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thicker in the middle thicker on the outside. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when a person is nearsighted and how can they correct it? |
|
Definition
| You can see close things but not things that are far away. The image forms before the retina. You can you a concave lens to correct this. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when a person is farsighted and how can they correct it? |
|
Definition
| You can see far things but not things that are close. The image forms after the retina. You can you a convex lens to correct this. |
|
|
Term
Label this diagram
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cornea is the protective layer on the outside. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the fluid between the cornea and the iris. It helps refract the light that enters the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The iris, is the coloured ring. If the light is dim, the iris increases the size of the eye’s opening to let in more light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pupil is the opening that lets in light to the eye. It appears black. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lens magnifies and focuses the image - accommodation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This muscle changes the shape of the lens to focus on an object moving closer or further away from the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the fluid behind the lens in the middle of the eye. It helps shape the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This part of the eye senses light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This nerve sends the detected light to the brain. The point where this enters the retina is called a blind spot. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a refracting and reflecting telescope? |
|
Definition
Refracting telescope - collects light from a distant object and is then focussed by a convex lens.
Reflecting telescope - a concave mirror to collect light from an object. It forms a real image, which then is magnified by the objective lens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An object is heated up enough to create visible lights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An electrode causes the mercury vapours to give off ultraviolet light (radiation). A phosphor coating absorbs this radiation and cause the bulb to glow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical reaction that produced energetic particles that give of visible light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Light energy is absorbed by particles that store this energy for a while and is later released. |
|
|
Term
| How does the eye form images? |
|
Definition
| The lens in the human eye is a convex lens. This lens takes light rays from objects and, by refraction, focusses them, or brings them back to a point. The image you see is formed on the retina |
|
|
Term
| How are prisms used in binoculars? |
|
Definition
| They reflect the light back and forth until they hit your eye? |
|
|
