Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Science Final Exam
7th grade science final
120
Science
7th Grade
06/13/2012

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What metric unit is used for mass?

(what state of matter)

Definition

gram

(solid, liquid, gas)

Term

What metric unit is used for volume?

(what state of matter)

Definition

Liter

(liquid, solid, gas)

Term
What metric unit is used for length?
Definition
Meter
Term
What units would you use to measure a pencil?
Definition
Centimeter
Term
Scientific Method
Definition
A system of steps for solving a problem.
Term

Steps of the scientific method

(List - define)

Definition
  1. State the Problem
  2. Gather information
  3. Form a hypothesis
  4. Perform an experiment
  5. Analyze Data
  6. Draw a conclusion
Term
Variable
Definition
Somthing that changes from the experiment
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
Factor that stays the same in the experiment.
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
Factor that stays the same in an experiment.
Term
Control
Definition
Standard of comparison.
Term
Triple Beam Balance
Definition
Tool used to measure mass.
Term
Graduated Cylinder
Definition
Tool used to measure liquid volume.
Term
Meter Stick
Definition
Tool used to measure length (meter)
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

EYEPIECE

Definition
Holds top lens and where you look.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

BODY TUBE

Definition
A hollow tube that can be raised or lowered.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

NOSEPIECE

Definition
Movable part that holds the bottom lenses.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

LOW POWER OBJECTIVE

Definition
The bottom lens with a small magnifying power.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE

Definition
Bottom lens with a large magnifying power.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

Definition
Knob that raises or lowers the body tube for the first focus.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

Definition
Knob that raises or lowers the body tube for the final focusing.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

ARM 

Definition
Handle on microscope.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

BASE

Definition
Bottom of microscope.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

CLIPS

Definition
Metal strips that hold the slide.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

STAGE

Definition
Surface where you place the slide.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

STAGE

Definition
Surface where you place the slide.
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

DIAPHRAGM

Definition
Controls the amount of light
Term

Parts of a Microscope

 

MIRROR

Definition
Reflects light in microscope.
Term
How do we determine total magnification?
Definition
Multiply occular (eyepiece) lens by the objective lens.
Term

Animal Cell Parts

 

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Definition
Moves materials around the cell.
Term

Animal Cell Parts

 

RIBOSOME

Definition
Makes protein
Term

Animal Cell Parts

 

GOLGI BODIES

Definition
Package protein and move it out of cell.
Term

Animal Cell Parts

 

NUCLEUS

Definition
Directs cell activity
Term

Animal Cell Parts

 

VACUOLE

Definition
Storage area of cell.
Term

Animal Cell Parts

 

MITOCHONDRIA

Definition
Releases energy in cell.
Term

Animal Cell Parts

 

LYSOME

Definition
Digests waste.
Term

Animal Cell Parts

 

CYTOPLASM

Definition
Holds organelles in cell.
Term

Animal Cell Parts

 

CELL MEMBRANE

Definition
Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment.
Term

Plant Cell Parts

 

 

 

Definition

Same as animal cell with two extras.

 

Cellular wall:  Surrounds the cell membrane.

 

Chloroplast:  Where photosynthesis takes place.

Term
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ System → Organism
Definition

Cells make up tissues

Tissues make up organs

Organs make up the organ system

Organ systems make up an organism

Term
Cell cycle
Definition

Interphase

Mitosis

Raid Growth

Term
What is a chromosome?
Definition
Structure in a cell's nucleus that contains heredity.
Term

The Phases of Mitosis

(IPMAT with pictures)

Definition

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telephase

Term
What are the results of Mitosis?
Definition

Two new identical nuclei

Two identical daughter cells

Term
Asexual Reproduction
Definition
Reproduction with one organism (identical)
Term
Three types of asexual reproduction.
Definition

Budding:  When a new genetically-identical organism forms on the side of its parent.

 

Regeneration:  Process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organs and organisms restore damage.

Binary fission:  Simplest form of asexual reproduction

Term

Sexual Reproduction

(Mitosis)

Definition
Type of reproduction where two sex cells join together, usually egg/sperm and they form a zygote.
Term
What are sex cells?
Definition

Cells that help the human body reproduce.

(Haploid)

Term
Number of chromosomes found in human body cells and sex cells.
Definition
46
Term
Haploid
Definition
A cell with one of every kind of chromosome.
Term
Diploid
Definition
A cel with two of every kind of chromosome
Term
Embryo Development
Definition

Fertilization:  Where sperm and egg meet.

Zygote:  The first stage of human life.

Cleavage:  Division of cells in the early embryo.

Morula:  Cell division stage after cleavage.

Blastula:  Cell division stage after morula.

Gastrula:  Cell division stage after the blastula.

Term
Gene
Definition
Sections of DNA on a chromosome that has certain instruction for making specific proteins.
Term
Centromere
Definition
It connects the chromosomes together in the nucleus.
Term
What is a graph?
Definition
A way to organize data.
Term
Bar Graph
Definition
A graph where the bars represent data.
Term
Line Graph
Definition
A graph where lines represent data.
Term
Why would you use a graph?
Definition
To record data.
Term
Key/Legend
Definition
Shows you how much one symbol is worth in a graph.
Term
Cellular respiration (where and why?)
Definition

It occurs in the glucose and releases energy in the glucose.

 

Formula:  C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O

Term

Photosynthesis (where and why?)

 

Definition

Process for a plant to convert light energy into chemical energy.

 

Formula

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Term
Fermentation (where and why)
Definition
Is a "backup" of cellular respiration if there is not enough oxygen for cellular respiration to happen.
Term
Genetics
Definition
Study of how traits are inherited through alleles.
Term
Difference in sex chromosomes between males and females.
Definition

Males:  XY

 

Females:  XX

Term
Watson and Crick described DNA as a __________?
Definition
Double Helix
Term
DNA nitrogen bases (list and pair them off)
Definition

Adenine - Thymine

 

Guanine - Cytocine

Term

DNA Replication

(when does it occur?)

(how do the strands separate?)

Definition

Occurs in interphase

 

Enzymes separate the strands

Term
Uses of Punnett Squares
Definition
To predict offspring.
Term
Punnett Squares for normal traits, sickle cell, cystic fibrosis and blood typing.
Definition
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait.
Term
Carrier
Definition
Parent of offspring who carries a recessive allele for a trait
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Describes an organism with 2 of the same alleles for a trait.
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic makeup of a organism.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The physical appearance of a trait.
Term
Pedigree chart
Definition
A diagram showing the occurence and appearance of phenotype.
Term
Evolution
Definition
Change in inherited characteristics over time.
Term

Charles Darwin

  • what is his theory?
  • where/how did he discover it?

 

Definition

Theory of Natural Selection.

Discovered on the Galapagos Islands.

Organisms 1 mile away were different.

Term
Galapagos Finches
Definition
Birds discovered by Charles Darwin in the Galapagos Islands.
Term
Natural Selection
Definition

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.

Traits over time will change.

Term

How is natural selection occurring today?

(bacteria)

Definition
Bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics.
Term
Species
Definition
A group of organisms with similar traits.
Term
Causes of species variation
Definition
A group of species and another species have offspring.
Term
Adaptations
Definition
When a species adapts to its environment.
Term
Extinction
Definition
When a species dies out completely.
Term

Fossil Record

(use radioactive dating and relative dating to explain)

Definition
Scientists use radioactive dating and relative dating to find out how old a fossil is.
Term
Substance
Definition
Something that has weight and takes up space.
Term
Element
Definition
Simple part of a substance that can be split into a different substance.
Term
Compound
Definition
Part of a substance that can be split in a different substance.
Term
Mixture
Definition
Different substances that mix together.
Term
Solution
Definition
Mixture of two or more substances (homogenous)
Term
Heterogeneous
Definition
Composed of elements that are of a different kind.
Term
Suspension Colloid
Definition
A substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance.
Term
Tyndall Effect
Definition
Light scattering by particles in a colloid.
Term
Solids
Definition
A state of matter with a definite shape and volume.
Term
Liquids
Definition
A state of matter that is composed of molecules that can move freely but not as much as gas.
Term
Gas
Definition
Molecules that can move freely until there is not more space to move.
Term
Plasma
Definition
Heated gas.
Term
Heat of Fusion
Definition
Amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a solid at its melting point.
Term
Heat of Vaporization
Definition
Amount of heat required for vaporization to occur.
Term
Thermal Expansion
Definition
Tendency of matter to change in volume.
Term
Properties of Water
Definition

Tasteless

Colorless

Odorless

Term
Nucleus
Definition
Middle of atom.
Term
Parts of an Atom
Definition

Nucleus

Electrons

Protons

Neutrons

Term
Atomic Number
Definition
Number of protons and neutrons found in an element.
Term
Atomic Mass
Definition
Total mass of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Term
Valence Electrons
Definition
The electrons in the electron cloud furthest from the nucleus.
Term
Dot Diagram
Definition
Diagram that shows bonding between atoms of a molecule.
Term
Groups
Definition
Vertical Column in Periodic Table
Term
Periods
Definition
Horizontal Rows in the Periodic Table
Term

Alkalai Metals

(Periodic Table)

Definition
1 group in Periodic Table
Term

Alkalai Earth Metals

(Periodic Table)

Definition
2 Group in Periodic Table
Term

Transition Metals

(Periodic Table)

Definition
Groups 3 - 12
Term

Halogens

(Periodic Table)

Definition
Series of non-metal groups in group 17.
Term

Noble Gases

(Periodic Table)

Definition
Chemical elements with similar properties (group 18)
Term
Bonding
Definition
When electrons are transferred between participating atoms.
Term
Trends of the Periodic Table
Definition
Bottom section of the Periodic Table
Term
Speed
Definition
How fast an object is in motion.
Term
Velocity
Definition
Speed in a given direction.
Term
Acceleration
Definition

final velocity - original velocity


time

Term
Inertia
Definition
When an object is in motion or not in motion, it will stay the same unless acted upon by another force.
Term
Forces
Definition
A push or a pull.
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