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Science Final Exam Vocab
Science Final Exam Vocab
197
Science
7th Grade
05/17/2007

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Term
species
Definition
a group of similar organisms that can mate with eachother and produce fertile offspring
Term
fossil
Definition
preserved remain or traces of an organism that lived in the past
Term
adaptation
Definition
a trait that helps an animal survive and reproduce
Term
evolution
Definition
the gradual change in a species over time
Term
scientific theory
Definition
a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
Term
natural selection
Definition
process by which individuals that are better adapated to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species
Term
homologous structure
Definition
similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor
Term
branching tree
Definition
a diagram that shows how scientists think different groups of organisms are related
Term
petrified fossil
Definition
fossils that formed when minerals replace all or part of an organism
Term
mold
Definition
a hollow space in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism
Term
cast
Definition
a copy of the shape of the organism that make the mold
Term
relative dating
Definition
a way of determining which of two fossils is older
Term
radioactive dating
Definition
a technique that allows scientist to determain actual age of fossils
Term
radioactive elements
Definition
unstable elements that decay or break down into different elements
Term
half-life
Definition
a readioactive elemnt that the time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay
Term
fossil record
Definition
millions of fossils that scientists have collected
Term
geologic time scale
Definition
calender of Earth's history
Term
cardiovascular system
Definition
The body system that consists of the heart, blood vesssels, and blood; circulatory system
Term
extinct
Definition
no members of that species are still alive
Term
heart
Definition
A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Term
lift
Definition
The difference in pressure above and below the wings as a bird moves through the air produces an upward force that causes the bird to rise. The upward force
Term
gradualism
Definition
a theory that proposes that evolution occurs slowly but steadily
Term
atrium
Definition
Each of the two upper chambers of the heart that recieves blood that comes into the heart
Term
mammal
Definition
endothermic vertebrates that have a four-chambered heart, skin covered with fur or hair, their babies are born alive, young fed with milk from mammary glands.
Term
pinctuatred equilibria
Definition
a theory species ecolve quicky during relatively short periods
Term
mammary gland
Definition
organs that produce milk in mammals
Term
diaphragm
Definition
large muscle located at the bottom of the ribs that plays an important role in breathing
Term
monotreme
Definition
egg-laying mammals
Term
cuticle
Definition
waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves of most plants
Term
marsupial
Definition
mammals whose young are born at an early stage of development, and they ysyally continue to develop in a ppouch on their mother's body
Term
pacemaker
Definition
A group of cells located in the right atruim that sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract and that regulates heartbeat rate
Term
gestation period
Definition
the length of time between fertilization and birth
Term
vascular tissue
Definition
a system of tubelike structures inside a plant through wich water, minerals, and food move
Term
placental mammal
Definition
babies developp inside its mother's body until its body systems can f unction independently
Term
placenta
Definition
an organ in pregnant female mammals that passes materials between the mother and the developing embryo
Term
zygote
Definition
the fertilized egg in fertilization
Term
nonvascular plants
Definition
low-growing and do not have roots for absorbing water from the ground
Term
ventricle
Definition
A lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out to the lungs and body
Term
cell
Definition
the basic unit of structure ad function in a living thing
Term
vascular plants
Definition
plants with true vascular tissue. these are better suited to life in dry areas
Term
cell membrane
Definition
forms the outside boundry of the cell
Term
sporophyte stage
Definition
the plant prduces spores, tiny cells that can grow into new organisms
Term
valve
Definition
A flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backward
Term
nucleus
Definition
the control center that directs the cell's activities and contains the information that determines the cell's form and function
Term
atery
Definition
A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
the material within a cell apart from the nucleus
Term
gametophyte stage
Definition
when a spore develops into the plant's other stage. the plant prduces two kinds of sex cells: sperm cells and egg cells
Term
tissue
Definition
a group of similar cells that perform the same function
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
can contract, makes part of your body move, carries out movement
Term
rhizoids
Definition
rootlike structures that anchor the sporophyte generation
Term
capillary
Definition
A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
directs and controls the body's processes
Term
fronds
Definition
the ferns leaves
Term
connective tissue
Definition
provides support for your body and connects all of its parts
Term
pholoem
Definition
a type of vascular tissue in which food moves through
Term
vein
Definition
A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
tissue covering surfaces of your body, inside and out
Term
organ
Definition
a structure that is composed of diffferent kinds of tissue
Term
xylem
Definition
a vascular tissue that caries water and minerals
Term
aorta
Definition
The largest artery in the body
Term
pollen
Definition
tiny structures that contain the cells that will later become sperm cells
Term
organ system
Definition
a group of organs that work together to perform a major function
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the body's tendency to keep an internal balance
Term
coronary artery
Definition
An artery that supplies blood to the heart itself
Term
seed
Definition
a structure that contains a yhoung plant indide a protective covering
Term
stress
Definition
the reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events
Term
skeleton
Definition
your "framework", made up of all the bones in your body
Term
embryo
Definition
a young plant that develops from the zygote, or fertilized egg
Term
pulse
Definition
The alternation expansion and relaxaion od an artery wall as blood travels through an artery
Term
vertebrae
Definition
small bones that make up your backbone
Term
cotyledons
Definition
the seed leaves of an embryo
Term
germination
Definition
when the embryo begins to grow again and pushes out of the seed
Term
diffusion
Definition
The process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism
Term
root cap
Definition
protects the root from injury from rocks as the root grows through the soil
Term
joint
Definition
a place in the body where two bones come together
Term
joint
Definition
a place in the body where two bones come together
Term
blood pressure
Definition
The pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
Term
ligament
Definition
a strong connective tissue that connects bone to bone
Term
plasma
Definition
The liquid part of blood
Term
cambium
Definition
layer of cells which divides to produce new pholeom and xylem
Term
cartilage
Definition
type of cennective tissue that is more flexible than bone
Term
compact bone
Definition
beneath the bone's outer membrane is a layer which is hard and dense but not solid
Term
red blood cell
Definition
A cell in the blood that takes up oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to cells elsewhere in the body
Term
transpiration
Definition
the process by which water evaporates from a plant's leaves
Term
spongy bone
Definition
type of bone has many small smapes within it
Term
marrow
Definition
soft connective tissue found in the spaces of bone
Term
gymnosperm
Definition
a seed plant that produces naked seeds
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
A iron-containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molcules
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
a condidtion in which the body's bones become weak and break easily
Term
white blood cell
Definition
A blood call that fights disease
Term
involuntary muscle
Definition
muscles not under your conscious control
Term
cone
Definition
reproduction structures of gymnosperms
Term
voluntary muscle
Definition
muscles under your conscious control
Term
ovule
Definition
a structure that contains an egg cell
Term
platelet
Definition
A cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood clots
Term
pollination
Definition
the transfer of pollen from a male reproductive structure to a female reproductive structure
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
muscles attached to the bones of your skeleten and provide force that moves your bones
Term
angiosperm
Definition
group of seed plants
Term
tendon
Definition
connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Term
striated muscle
Definition
muscle that appears banded
Term
flower
Definition
the reproductive structure of an angiosperm
Term
lymphatic system
Definition
A network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid that leaks out of the blood vessels to the bloodstream
Term
sepals
Definition
leaflike structures
Term
lymph
Definition
The fluid that the lymphatic system collects and returns to the bloodstream
Term
petals
Definition
colorful and leaflike. generally most colorful part of a flower
Term
stamens
Definition
the male reproductive parts
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
an involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
muscle found in the heart
Term
lymph node
Definition
A small knob of tissue in the lymphatic system that filters lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease
Term
pistils
Definition
female parts and found in the center of most flowers
Term
epidermis
Definition
outer layer of the skin
Term
ovary
Definition
hollow structure that protects the seeds as they develope
Term
melanin
Definition
a pigment that gives skin its color that is produced to protect the skin from sun burn
Term
dermis
Definition
inner layer of skin
Term
fruit
Definition
a ripened ovary and other structures that enclose on or more seeds
Term
monocots
Definition
angiosperms that have only one seed leaf
Term
respiration
Definition
The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain
Term
pore
Definition
an opening through which sweat reaches the skin
Term
dicots
Definition
produce seeds with two leaves
Term
follicle
Definition
structures in which hair grow out of
Term
cilia
Definition
The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner
Term
cancer
Definition
a disease in which some cells in the body divide uncontrollably
Term
pharynx
Definition
The throat
Term
chordate
Definition
all members of this phylum
Term
notochord
Definition
a flexible rod that supports a chordate's back
Term
nutrient
Definition
substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes
Term
trachea
Definition
The windpipe; a passage through which air moves in the respiratory systems
Term
calorie
Definition
amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of on egram of water by one degree celcius
Term
vertebra
Definition
many small similar bones that make up the back bone
Term
vertebra
Definition
many small similar bones that make up the back bone
Term
bronchi
Definition
The passages that direct air into the lungs
Term
ectotherm
Definition
an animal whose body doesn't produce much internal heat
Term
endotherm
Definition
an animal whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces
Term
lungs
Definition
An organ found in air-breathing vertebrates that exchanges oxygen and cardon dioxide with the blood
Term
carbohydrate
Definition
an energy rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
fish
Definition
a vertebrate that lives in water and uses fins to move
Term
cartilage
Definition
a tissue that is more flexible than bone
Term
glucose
Definition
sugar, major source of energy for your body's cells
Term
alveoli
Definition
Tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
Term
fat
Definition
energy-containing nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. provides the MOST energy
Term
swim bladder
Definition
an organ that the bony fish has that is internal and filled with gas. It helps the fish stay stable at different depths in the water
Term
protein
Definition
nutrients that are made of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, needed for tissue growth/repair, chemical reactions in cells
Term
diaphragm
Definition
A large muscle located at the bottom of a mammals's rib cage that functions in breathing
Term
amino acid
Definition
small units that proteins are made up of
Term
larynx
Definition
The voice box
Term
amphibian
Definition
a vertebreate that is ectothermic and spends its early life in water
Term
tadpole
Definition
the larva of a frog or a toad
Term
vocal cords
Definition
Folds of connective tissue that stretch across the opening of the larynx and produce a person's voice
Term
vitamin
Definition
molecules that act as helpers in a variety of chemical ractions within the body
Term
excretion
Definition
The process by which wastes are removed from the body
Term
lung
Definition
organs of air-breathing vertebrates in which oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas are exchanged between the air and the blood
Term
atria
Definition
two upper chambers of the heart
Term
urea
Definition
A chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins
Term
ventricle
Definition
lower chamber of the heart, pump blood out to the lungs and body
Term
mineral
Definition
nutrients that are not made by living things
Term
habitat
Definition
specific environment in which an animal lives
Term
mineral
Definition
nutrients that are not made by living things
Term
mineral
Definition
nutrients that are not made by living things
Term
kidney
Definition
A major organ of the excretory system that removes urea and other wastes from the blood
Term
reptile
Definition
an ecotothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin
Term
urine
Definition
A watery fluid produced by the kidneys that contains urea and other wastes.
Term
percent daily value
Definition
shows you how the nutritional content o fone serving fits into the recommended diet for a person who consumes 2,000 calories per day
Term
kidneys
Definition
organs that filter waste from the blood
Term
ureter
Definition
The hollow muscular organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg develops
Term
dietary reference intakes
Definition
guidelines that show the amounts of nutrients that are needed every day
Term
urine
Definition
a watery fluid prduced by the kidneys tht contains urea and other wastes
Term
urinary bladder
Definition
A sacklike muscular organ that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body
Term
bird
Definition
endothermic vertebrate, has feathers, four-chambered heart, lays eggs
Term
amniotic egg
Definition
an egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embryo moist
Term
urethra
Definition
A small tube through which urine flows from the body
Term
contour feather
Definition
large feather that gives shape to a bird's body
Term
fossil
Definition
the hardened remains or other evidence of a living thing that existed a long time ago
Term
down feather
Definition
short, fluffy feathers; trap heat and to keep bird warm
Term
nephron
Definition
Small filtering structure found in the kidneys that removes wastes from blood and produes urine
Term
crop
Definition
internal storage tank in bird
Term
gizzard
Definition
thick-walled muscular part of the stomach in a bird
Term
digestion
Definition
process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules
Term
sedimentary rock
Definition
hardened layers of sediments
Term
sedimentary rock
Definition
hardened layers of sediments
Term
paleontologists
Definition
the scientists who study extinct organisms
Term
absorbtion
Definition
process by which nutrient molecues pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood
Term
saliva
Definition
fluid released when your mouth waters
Term
enzyme
Definition
proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body
Term
epiglottis
Definition
seals off your windpipe
Term
esophagus
Definition
muscluar tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
Term
mucus
Definition
thick slippery substance produced by the body that makes food easier to swallow and move along
Term
peristalsis
Definition
involuntary waves of muscle contraction that push the food downward towards the stomach
Term
stomach
Definition
J-shaped muscular pouch located in the abodmen
Term
small intestine
Definition
part of the digestive system where most chemical digestion takes place
Term
liver
Definition
largest organ in the b ody, produces bile, right portion of abdomen
Term
bile
Definition
substance that breaks up fat particles
Term
gallbladder
Definition
organ that stores bile
Term
pancreas
Definition
triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine; produces enzymes that help breakdown STARCHES, PROTEINS, and FATS
Term
villi
Definition
millions of finger-like structures that cover the surface of the small intestine that absorb nutrient molecules
Term
large intestine
Definition
last section of digestive system
Term
rectum
Definition
where large intestine ends
Term
anus
Definition
muscular opening at the end of the rectum
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