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Science Exam Guide Part 1
Exam study guide
80
Science
7th Grade
01/11/2010

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Cards

Term
Science
Definition
way of learning about the natural world 
Term
Observing
Definition
using one or more of your senses to gather information
Term
Quantitative Observations
Definition
deals with numbers or amounts
Term
Qualitative Observing
Definition
deals with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers
Term
Inferring
Definition
making an inference
Term
Predicting
Definition
making a forecast of what will happen in the future based on past experiences and evidence
Term
Classifying
Definition
process of grouping together items that are alike in some way
Term
Making Models
Definition
creating representations of complex objects or process
Term
Life Science
Definition
study of living things 
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question
Term
Variable
Definition
factors that can change in an experiment, must be exactly the same
Term
Manipulated Variable
Definition
one variable that is purposely changed to test the hypothesis
Term
Responding Variable
Definition
factor that may change in response to the manipulated variable
Term
What are the four attitudes of scientist?
Definition

Curiosity

Honesty

Open-minded/skeptism

Creativity

Term
What is the difference between science and technology?
Definition
Science is the study of the natural world to understand how it functions, but on the other hand technology changes or modifies the natural world to met human needs or solve problems
Term
Organism
Definition
living thing
Term
Cell
Definition
basic unit of structure and function in an organism
Term
Unicellular
Definition
single-celled organisms
Term
Multicellular
Definition
composed of many cells that are specialized to do certain tasks
Term
Stimulus
Definition
change in an organisms surroundings that makes it react
Term
Response
Definition
action or change in behavior
Term
Development
Definition
process of change that occurs during an organisms life to produce a more complex organism
Term
Spontaneous Generation
Definition
living things can arise from nonliving sources
Term
Redi and Pasteur
Definition
Scientist that helped disprove spontaneous generation
Term
Autotroph
Definition
organism that can make its own food
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
organisms that cannot make their own food but depend on other organisms
Term
What are the needs of living things?
Definition
water, food, living space, homeostasis
Term
What are the characteristics of living things?
Definition
cellular organization, chemicals of life, energy use, responds to surrounding, growth/development, reproduction 
Term
Classification
Definition
process of grouping things based on their similarities
Term
Taxonomy
Definition
scientific study of how living things are classified 
Term
Genus
Definition
classification group that contains similar, closely related organisms
Term
Species
Definition
group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring  that can also mate and reproduce 
Term
Why is it important that organisms have a genus and species?
Definition
 makes it easy for scientist to communicate because there are many names for one organism. Using different names gets confusing
Term
Magnification
Definition
ability to make things look larger than they really are
Term
Resolution
Definition
sharpness of an image
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things 
Term
What does the cell theory state?
Definition

all living things are composed of cells

cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

all cells produce from other cells

Term
Organelles
Definition
tiny celled structures 
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
controls what substances enter and exit the cell
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Term

Mitochondria

Definition
rod-shaped structures
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum 
Definition
carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to the other
Term
Ribosomes 
Definition
small, grainlike bodies 
Term
Golgi Body
Definition
receive proteins and other newly formed materials package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
capture energy form sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
Term
Vacuole
Definition
storage areas of the cell
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell
Term
What is the function of organelles?
Definition

organelles carry out specific functions within the cell 

like lungs

Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the maintenance of stable internal conditions
Term
Microscope
Definition
instrument that makes small objects look larger
Term
Cell
Definition
form the parts of an organism and carry out all of an organism's processes 
Term
Element
Definition
substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Term

Compound

Definition
two or more elements combine chemically 
Term
Importance of water in a cell
Definition
w/o water the cell wouldn't be able to dissolve chemicals for the cell or kept the size and shape of the cell
Term
What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?
Definition
organic compounds contain carbon on the other hand inorganic compounds don't
Term
Examples of organic compounds
Definition
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it t make food
Term
Photosynthesis equation
Definition
carbon+water----light energy-----a sugar+oxygen
Term
Respiration
Definition
process by which cell obtain energy from glucose
Term
Respiration equation
Definition
sugar+oxygen---light energy---carbon dioxide+water+energy
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo 
Term
Mitosis
Definition
stage during which the cell's nucleus divides into two nuclei 
Term
Chromosome
Definition
a double rod of condensed chromation
Term
Base Pairs
Definition

Thymine-Adenine

Guanine-Cytosine

 

Term
Heredity
Definition
passing of physical characteristics from parent to the offspring
Term
Trait
Definition
characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
Term
Genetics
Definition
the scientific study of heredity
Term
Fertilization
Definition
egg and sperm join 
Term
Purebred
Definition
is the offspring of many generations that have the same trait
Term
Gene
Definition
factors that control a trait
Term
Alleles
Definition
different form of a gene
Term
Dominant Allele
Definition
one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Term
Recessive Allele
Definition
hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
Term
Hybrid
Definition
has two different alleles for a trait
Term
Probability
Definition
is a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result in a genetic cross
Term
Meisosis
Definition
process by which the number of chromosomes reduce to half to form sex cells 
Term
During meisosis
Definition
the chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to two different cells. The resulting sex cells have only half as many chromosomes as the other cells in the organism
Term
How do you find the magnification?
Definition
all the lenses multiplied together
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